Oshikoya Kazeem A, Senbanjo Idowu O, Soipe Ayo
Pharmacology Department, Lagos State University College of Medicine, and Paediatric Department, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. Lagos ( Nigeria ).
Paediatrics and Child Health, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. Lagos ( Nigeria ).
Pharm Pract (Granada). 2008 Oct;6(4):191-6. doi: 10.4321/s1886-36552008000400004. Epub 2008 Dec 15.
Dose calculation errors constitute a significant part of prescribing errors which might have resulted from informal teaching of the topic in medical schools.
To determine adequacy of knowledge and skills of drug dose calculations in children acquired by medical students during their clinical attachment in paediatrics.
Fifty two 5th year medical students of the Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Ikeja were examined on drug dose calculations from a vial and ampoules of injections, syrup and suspension, and tablet formulation. The examination was with a structured questionnaire mostly in the form of multiple choice questions.
Thirty-six (69.2%) and 30 (57.7%) students were taught drug dose calculation in neonatal posting and during ward rounds/ bed-side teaching, respectively. Less than 50% of the students were able to calculate the correct doses of each of adrenaline, gentamicin, chloroquine and sodium bicarbonate injections required by the patient. Dose calculation was however relatively better with adrenalin when compared with the other injections. The proportion of female students that calculated the correct doses of quinine syrup and cefuroxime suspension were significantly higher than those of their male counterparts (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively; Chi-square test). When doses calculated in mg/dose and mL/dose was compared for adrenalin injection and each of quinine syrup and cefuroxime suspension, there were significant differences (adrenaline and quinine, p=0.005; adrenaline and cefuroxime, p=0.003: Fischer's exact test). Dose calculation errors of similar magnitude to injections, syrup and suspension were also observed with tablet formulation.
LASUCOM medical students lacked the basic knowledge of paediatric drug dose calculations but were willing to learn if the topic was formally taught. Drug dose calculations should be given a prominent consideration in the undergraduate medical curriculum in Nigeria.
剂量计算错误是处方错误的重要组成部分，这可能是由于医学院校该主题的非正规教学所致。
确定医学生在儿科临床实习期间获得的儿童药物剂量计算知识和技能是否足够。
对拉各斯州立大学医学院（LASUCOM）伊凯贾分校的52名五年级医学生进行了关于从注射剂小瓶和安瓿、糖浆和混悬液以及片剂剂型中计算药物剂量的测试。测试采用结构化问卷，主要为多项选择题形式。
分别有36名（69.2%）和30名（57.7%）学生在新生儿实习和病房查房/床边教学期间接受了药物剂量计算的教学。不到50%的学生能够计算出患者所需的肾上腺素、庆大霉素、氯喹和碳酸氢钠注射液的正确剂量。然而，与其他注射液相比，肾上腺素的剂量计算相对较好。计算出奎宁糖浆和头孢呋辛混悬液正确剂量的女生比例显著高于男生（分别为p<0.05和p<0.01；卡方检验）。当比较肾上腺素注射液、奎宁糖浆和头孢呋辛混悬液的毫克/剂量和毫升/剂量计算结果时，存在显著差异（肾上腺素和奎宁，p = 0.005；肾上腺素和头孢呋辛，p = 0.003：费舍尔精确检验）。片剂剂型的剂量计算错误程度与注射液、糖浆和混悬液相似。
LASUCOM的医学生缺乏儿科药物剂量计算的基本知识，但如果该主题进行正规教学，他们愿意学习。尼日利亚本科医学课程应高度重视药物剂量计算。
