Mechanisms of disease reversal in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.

It is well known that progression of chronic kidney disease can be ameliorated or stabilized by different interventions, but more studies indicate that it can even be reversed. Most data suggest that current therapy, especially renin-angiotensin system inhibition alone, is not sufficient to initiate and maintain long-term regression of glomerular structural injury. In this article, we review the potential reversal of glomerulosclerosis and evidence from both human and animal studies. We discuss mechanisms that involve matrix remodeling, capillary reorganization, and podocyte reconstitution. In the future, a multipronged strategy including novel anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic molecules should be considered to potentiate regression of glomerulosclerosis.