Holland Kathryn J, Rabelo Verónica Caridad, Cortina Lilia M
Departments of Psychology and Women's Studies, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1043, USA,
Am J Community Psychol. 2014 Dec;54(3-4):289-303. doi: 10.1007/s10464-014-9672-0.
Sexual assault is an insidious problem in the United States military. In 2005 the Department of Defense (DoD) created the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office, which centralizes responsibility for sexual assault training. However, this training initiative has undergone little evaluation by outside researchers. Addressing this need, we analyzed responses from over 24,000 active duty personnel who completed the 2010 DoD Workplace and Gender Relations Survey. We assessed whether sexual assault training exposure (None, Minimal, Partial, or Comprehensive) predicted accurate knowledge of sexual assault resources and protocols. Using a social-ecological framework, we investigated whether institutional and individual factors influenced Service members' training exposure and judgment of training effectiveness. According to our results, exposure to comprehensive training predicted lower sexual assault incidence and superior knowledge. However, comprehensive training differed as a function of military branch, rank, gender, and sexual assault history. Judgments of training effectiveness also varied across these dimensions. Our results highlight the importance of considering context, gender, and victimization history when evaluating institutional efforts to end sexual violence. The DoD's 2010 annual report on military sexual assault concluded that "most Active Duty members receive effective training on sexual assault" (p. 104). Our results cast doubt on that assertion.
性侵犯在美国军队中是一个潜伏性问题。2005年，美国国防部（DoD）设立了性侵犯预防与应对办公室，该办公室集中负责性侵犯培训工作。然而，这项培训举措几乎没有受到外部研究人员的评估。为满足这一需求，我们分析了超过24000名现役军人对2010年国防部工作场所与性别关系调查的回复。我们评估了性侵犯培训接触程度（无、极少、部分或全面）是否能预测对性侵犯资源和规程的准确认知。运用社会生态框架，我们调查了机构因素和个人因素是否会影响军人的培训接触程度以及对培训效果的判断。根据我们的研究结果，接受全面培训能预测较低的性侵犯发生率和更丰富的知识。然而，全面培训因军种、军衔、性别和性侵犯历史而异。对培训效果的判断在这些维度上也各不相同。我们的研究结果凸显了在评估机构为终结性暴力所做努力时考虑背景、性别和受害历史的重要性。国防部2010年关于军事性侵犯的年度报告得出结论称，“大多数现役军人接受了关于性侵犯的有效培训”（第104页）。我们的研究结果对这一论断提出了质疑。
