牙科诊疗、人类免疫缺陷病毒传播与职业风险：来自尼日利亚一家教学医院的观点

Dental practice, human immunodeficiency virus transmission and occupational risks: views from a teaching hospital in Nigeria.

作者信息

Taiwo Oo

机构信息

Regional Centre for Oral Health Research and Training Initiatives for Africa, PMB 2067, Jos, Plateau State 930001, Nigeria.

出版信息

Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014 Jul;4(Suppl 2):S94-8. doi: 10.4103/2141-9248.138020.

DOI:10.4103/2141-9248.138020

PMID:25184095

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4145525/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

More than 40 oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been recorded and between 70% and 90% of persons with HIV infection will have at least one oral manifestation at some time during the course of their disease. Oral health-care workers (OHCWs) are therefore, key players in the prevention and management of HIV-infection.

AIM

The aim of this study was toassess the perceptions of the OHCWs from a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria toward HIV transmission in dental practice and occupational risk.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

A cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. A total of 113 OHCWs comprising students, house officers, resident doctors, dental nurses and consultants participated. Analysis was by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Data analysis included descriptive statistics (frequency distribution and cross tabulation).

RESULTS

More than half 64/113 (56%) of the respondents were in the age group 20-30 years and females 68/113 (60%). Though 88% (100/113) of the respondents demonstrated a good knowledge about HIV transmission, 82/113 respondents (72%) disagreed that the risk of HIV transmission in the dental clinic was very low. 82.4% (93/113) did not know that saliva contains anti-HIV activity while 46% (52/113) agreed that pure saliva does not contain the virus except when contaminated by blood. 86.7% (98/113) of the OHCWs disagreed that dental professionals have a lower risk of being infected with HIV compared with other health-care providers.

CONCLUSION

The OHCWs studied manifested some inaccurate perception of occupational risks as regards HIV transmission in dental practice. This could lead to potential stigma and discrimination of people living with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome and thus hindering efforts geared at curtailing the spread of the virus.

摘要

背景

已记录到40多种人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的口腔表现，70%至90%的HIV感染者在病程中的某个时候至少会出现一种口腔表现。因此，口腔保健工作者是预防和管理HIV感染的关键人员。

目的

本研究的目的是评估尼日利亚一家教学医院的口腔保健工作者对牙科实践中HIV传播和职业风险的认知。

对象与方法

一项横断面研究。采用自填式问卷进行数据收集。共有113名口腔保健工作者参与，包括学生、住院医师、主治医生、牙科护士和顾问。分析使用社会科学统计软件包第17版（SPSS Inc.，美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥）。数据分析包括描述性统计（频率分布和交叉制表）。

结果

超过一半的受访者64/113（56%）年龄在20至30岁之间，女性68/113（60%）。尽管88%（100/113）的受访者对HIV传播有良好的认知，但82/113名受访者（72%）不同意牙科诊所中HIV传播风险非常低的观点。82.4%（93/113）不知道唾液含有抗HIV活性，而46%（52/113）同意纯唾液不含有病毒，除非被血液污染。86.7%（98/113）的口腔保健工作者不同意牙科专业人员比其他医疗保健提供者感染HIV的风险更低的观点。