Jovic-Vranes Aleksandra, Jankovic Slavenka, Vukovic Dejana, Vranes Boris, Miljus Dragan
Medical School of the University of Belgrade, Institute of Social Medicine, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
Occup Med (Lond). 2006 Jun;56(4):275-8. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kql019. Epub 2006 Apr 20.
Health care workers (HCWs) are at risk of occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
To investigate the perception of professional risk from, and the knowledge, attitudes and practice of HCWs to HIV and AIDS in Serbia.
Cross-sectional study of 1,559 Serbian HCWs using self-administered anonymous questionnaires. Chi-square testing and multiple logistic regression analysis were applied.
Eighty-nine per cent of HCWs believed that they were at risk of acquiring HIV through occupational exposure. The perception of professional risk was higher among HCWs frequently exposed to patients' blood and body fluids (OR 7.9, 95% CI 4.4-14.5), who used additional personal protection if the HIV status of patient was known (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.5-4.6), who had experienced sharp injuries within the last year (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0-3.8) or who had been tested for HIV (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.5), and among HCWs who had treated HIV-positive patients (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.8). The majority of respondents had deficient knowledge about modes of HIV transmission. Attitudes towards HIV-positive patients were significantly different by occupation. Seventy per cent of HCWs used appropriate protection during their daily work with patients.
HCWs require specific educational programmes and training protocols to ensure that they are adequately protected when carrying out high quality care.
医护人员面临职业性接触人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的风险。
调查塞尔维亚医护人员对职业风险的认知，以及他们对HIV和艾滋病的知识、态度和做法。
采用自行填写的匿名问卷对1559名塞尔维亚医护人员进行横断面研究。应用卡方检验和多元逻辑回归分析。
89%的医护人员认为他们有通过职业接触感染HIV的风险。在经常接触患者血液和体液的医护人员中，对职业风险的认知更高（比值比7.9，95%置信区间4.4 - 14.5），如果知道患者的HIV状况就会使用额外个人防护措施的医护人员中（比值比2.6，95%置信区间1.5 - 4.6），在过去一年中经历过锐器伤的医护人员中（比值比1.9，95%置信区间1.0 - 3.8），接受过HIV检测的医护人员中（比值比2.1，95%置信区间1.2 - 3.5），以及治疗过HIV阳性患者的医护人员中（比值比1.7，95%置信区间1.1 - 2.8）。大多数受访者对HIV传播途径的知识不足。对HIV阳性患者的态度因职业而异。70%的医护人员在日常与患者工作时使用了适当的防护措施。
医护人员需要特定的教育计划和培训方案，以确保他们在提供高质量护理时得到充分保护。
