Bouldin Erin D, Andresen Elena M, Bauer Sarah E, Whitney Chelsea, Tamayo Claudia C, Schumacher Jessica R, Hall Allyson G
Puget Sound VA Health Services Research & Development, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, USA.
Department of Public Health and Preventives Medicine, Institute on Development and Disability, Oregon Office on Disability and Health, Oregon Health & Science University, USA.
Disabil Health J. 2015 Jan;8(1):140-5. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2014.07.006. Epub 2014 Aug 1.
A primary means of social connection is visiting friends and families in their homes. Visitability is designing houses in a way that enables people to visit others' homes regardless of physical limitations or use of mobility assistive devices.
The goals of this study were to develop a set of questions about visitability that could be used for surveillance and to assess the prevalence and correlates of visitability features in Florida.
We added five questions to the 2011 Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 12,399 respondents) and used complementary log-log regression models to estimate the prevalence ratio of each visitability feature.
The prevalence of visitability features in Florida homes was high for respondents with and without disabilities, though there was variation by visitability feature. A level entrance to the home and wide doorways were present in most respondents' homes (84.9% and 86.2%, respectively), while a main floor bathroom (59.6%) and a zero-step entrance (45.4%) were reported less commonly. People with a disability were less likely to report that their own home had doorways wide enough to accommodate a wheelchair compared to people without a disability (PR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.80-0.95). Visitability features were less common in households with lower income and also in trailers or mobile homes than in detached single-family homes.
The survey questions used in this study could be implemented in other states to measure and track visitability and monitor progress toward the Healthy People 2020 goal. Building or retro-fitting homes to include visitability features could increase the participation and inclusion of people with disabilities in community life.
社交联系的一种主要方式是到朋友和家人家中拜访。可访问性设计是指以一种能让人们无论身体是否有局限或是否使用移动辅助设备都能拜访他人住所的方式来设计房屋。
本研究的目标是开发一套可用于监测的关于可访问性的问题，并评估佛罗里达州可访问性特征的患病率及相关因素。
我们在2011年佛罗里达州行为风险因素监测系统（12399名受访者）中增加了五个问题，并使用互补对数-对数回归模型来估计每个可访问性特征的患病率比。
无论有无残疾，佛罗里达州家庭中可访问性特征的患病率都很高，不过不同可访问性特征存在差异。大多数受访者家中都有房屋的水平入口和宽阔的门道（分别为84.9%和86.2%），而一楼浴室（59.6%）和零步入口（45.4%）的报告较少。与无残疾的人相比，残疾人士报告自家门道宽到足以容纳轮椅的可能性较小（患病率比=0.87，95%置信区间：0.80-0.95）。可访问性特征在低收入家庭以及拖车式房屋或移动房屋中比在独立式单户住宅中更不常见。
本研究中使用的调查问题可在其他州实施，以衡量和跟踪可访问性，并监测朝着《健康人民2020》目标取得的进展。建造或翻新房屋以纳入可访问性特征可增加残疾人参与社区生活并融入其中的程度。
