Leischik Roman, Spelsberg Norman
School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Elberfelder Str. 1, 58095 Hagen, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014 Sep 3;11(9):9082-100. doi: 10.3390/ijerph110909082.
Participation in triathlon competitions has increased in recent years. Many studies have described left or right ventricular injury in endurance athletes. The goal of this study was to examine the right and left ventricular cardiac structures and function and dynamic cardio-pulmonary performance in a large cohort of middle- and long-distance triathletes.
87 triathletes (54 male and 33 female) were examined using spiroergometry and echocardiography. The inclusion criterion was participation in at least one middle- or long distance triathlon.
Male triathletes showed a maximum oxygen absorption of 58.1 ± 8.6 mL/min/kg (female triathletes 52.8 ± 5.7 mL/min/kg), maximum ergometer performance of 347.8 ± 49.9 W (female triathletes 264.5 ± 26.1 W). Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was normal (male triathletes EF: 61.9% ± 3%, female triathletes EF: 63.0% ± 2.7%) and systolic right ventricular area change fraction (RV AFC%) showed normal values (males RV AFC%: 33.5% ± 2.2%, females 32.2% ± 2.8%). Doppler indices of diastolic function were normal in both groups. With respect to the echocardiographic readings the left ventricular mass for males and females were 217.7 ± 41.6 g and 145.9 ± 31.3 g, respectively. The relative wall thickness for males was 0.50 ± 0.07, whereas it was 0.47 ± 0.09 for females. The probability of left ventricular mass >220 g increased with higher blood pressure during exercise (OR: 1.027, CI 1.002-1.052, p = 0.034) or with higher training volume (OR: 1.23, CI 1.04-1.47, p = 0.019).
Right or left ventricular dysfunction could not be found, although the maximal participation in triathlon competitions was 29 years. A left ventricular mass >220 g is more likely to occur with higher arterial pressure during exercise and with a higher training volume.
近年来，参加铁人三项比赛的人数有所增加。许多研究描述了耐力运动员的左心室或右心室损伤。本研究的目的是在一大群中长跑铁人三项运动员中检查左右心室的心脏结构和功能以及动态心肺功能。
使用运动心肺功能测试和超声心动图对87名铁人三项运动员（54名男性和33名女性）进行检查。纳入标准是至少参加过一次中长跑铁人三项比赛。
男性铁人三项运动员的最大摄氧量为58.1±8.6毫升/分钟/千克（女性铁人三项运动员为52.8±5.7毫升/分钟/千克），最大测力计功率为347.8±49.9瓦（女性铁人三项运动员为264.5±26.1瓦）。左心室射血分数（EF）正常（男性铁人三项运动员EF：61.9%±3%，女性铁人三项运动员EF：63.0%±2.7%），收缩期右心室面积变化分数（RV AFC%）显示正常（男性RV AFC%：33.5%±2.2%，女性32.2%±2.8%）。两组的舒张功能多普勒指数均正常。关于超声心动图读数，男性和女性的左心室质量分别为217.7±41.6克和145.9±31.3克。男性的相对壁厚为0.50±0.07，而女性为0.47±0.09。运动期间血压升高（OR：1.027，CI 1.002 - 1.052，p = 0.034）或训练量增加（OR：1.23，CI 1.04 - 1.47，p = 0.019）时，左心室质量>220克的可能性增加。
尽管铁人三项比赛的最大参赛年龄为29岁，但未发现左右心室功能障碍。运动期间动脉压升高和训练量增加时，左心室质量>220克的情况更有可能发生。
