超重和步态会影响老年人行走的能量消耗。
Excess body weight and gait influence energy cost of walking in older adults.
作者信息
Laroche Dain P, Marques Nise R, Shumila Heidi N, Logan Christopher R, Laurent Robyn St, Gonçalves Mauro
机构信息
1Department of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH; 2Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, São Paulo State University, Marília, SP, BRAZIL; and 3Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP, BRAZIL.
出版信息
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015 May;47(5):1017-25. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000501.
PURPOSE
The objective of this investigation is to study how excess body weight influences the energy cost of walking (Cw) and determine whether overweight and obese older adults self-select stride frequency to minimize Cw.
METHODS
Using body mass index (BMI), men and women between the ages of 65 and 80 yr were separated into normal weight (NW, BMI ≤24.9 kg·m(-2), n = 13) and overweight-obese groups (OWOB, BMI ≥25.0 kg·m(-2), n = 13). Subjects walked at 0.83 m·s on an instrumented treadmill that recorded gait parameters and completed three 6-min walking trials; at a preferred stride frequency (PSF), at +10% PSF, and at -10% PSF. Cw was determined by indirect calorimetry. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare groups, and associations were tested with Pearson correlations, α = 0.05.
RESULTS
OWOB had 62% greater absolute Cw (301 ± 108 vs 186 ± 104 J·m, P < 0.001) and 20% greater relative Cw(kg) (3.48 ± 0.95 vs 2.91 ± 0.94 J·kg(-1)·m(-1), P = 0.046) than NW. Although PSF was not different between OWOB and NW (P = 0.626), Cw was 8% greater in OWOB at +10% PSF (P < 0.001). At PSF, OWOB spent less time in single-limb support (33.1% ± 1.5% vs. 34.9% ± 1.6 % gait cycle, P = 0.021) and more time in double-limb support (17.5% ± 1.6% vs 15.4% ± 1.4% gait cycle, P = 0.026) than NW. In OWOB, at PSF, Cw was correlated to impulse (r = -0.57, P = 0.027) and stride frequency (r = 0.51, P = 0.046).
CONCLUSIONS
Excess body weight is associated with greater Cw in older adults, possibly contributing to reduced mobility in overweight and obese older persons.
目的
本研究旨在探讨超重如何影响步行的能量消耗（Cw），并确定超重和肥胖的老年人是否会自行选择步频以最小化Cw。
方法
根据体重指数（BMI），将65至80岁的男性和女性分为正常体重组（NW，BMI≤24.9kg·m⁻²，n = 13）和超重肥胖组（OWOB，BMI≥25.0kg·m⁻²，n = 13）。受试者在配备仪器的跑步机上以0.83m·s的速度行走，该跑步机记录步态参数，并完成三次6分钟的步行试验；分别以偏好步频（PSF）、高于PSF 10%以及低于PSF 10%的步频行走。通过间接量热法测定Cw。采用重复测量方差分析比较组间差异，并通过Pearson相关性检验进行关联性分析，α = 0.05。
结果
与NW组相比，OWOB组的绝对Cw高62%（301±108 vs 186±104J·m，P < 0.001），相对Cw（kg）高20%（3.48±0.95 vs 2.91±0.94J·kg⁻¹·m⁻¹，P = 0.046）。尽管OWOB组和NW组的PSF没有差异（P = 0.626），但在高于PSF 10%时，OWOB组的Cw高8%（P < 0.001）。在PSF时，OWOB组单腿支撑时间占步态周期的比例低于NW组（33.1%±1.5% vs. 34.9%±1.6%，P = 0.021），双腿支撑时间占步态周期的比例高于NW组（17.5%±1.6% vs 15.4%±1.4%，P = 0.026）。在OWOB组中，在PSF时，Cw与冲量（r = -0.57，P = 0.027）和步频（r = 0.51，P = 0.046）相关。
结论
超重与老年人更高的Cw相关，这可能导致超重和肥胖老年人的活动能力下降。
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