CSIR-Network Institutes of Solar Energy (CSIR-NISE), CSIR Central Electrochemical Research Institute-Chennai Unit, CSIR-Madras Complex , Taramani, Chennai 600 113, India.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2014 Oct 8;6(19):16556-64. doi: 10.1021/am502852x. Epub 2014 Sep 17.
We have prepared nanoporous SnO2 hollow microspheres (HMS) by employing the resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) gel method. Further, we have investigated the electrochemical property of SnO2-HMS as negative electrode material in rechargeable Li-ion batteries by employing three different binders-polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), Na salt of carboxy methyl cellulose (Na-CMC), and Na-alginate. At 1C rate, SnO2 electrode with Na-alginate binder exhibits discharge capacity of 800 mA h g(-1), higher than when Na-CMC (605 mA h g(-1)) and PVDF (571 mA h g(-1)) are used as binders. After 50 cycles, observed discharge capacities were 725 mA h g(-1), 495 mA h g(-1), and 47 mA h g(-1), respectively, for electrodes with Na-alginate, Na-CMC, and PVDF binders that amounts to a capacity retention of 92%, 82%, and 8% . Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results confirm that the SnO2 electrode with Na-alginate as binder had much lower charge transfer resistance than the electrode with Na-CMC and PVDF binders. The superior electrochemical property of the SnO2 electrode containing Na-alginate can be attributed to the cumulative effects arising from integration of nanoarchitecture with a suitable binder; the hierarchical porous structure would accommodate large volume changes during the Li interaclation-deintercalation process, and the Na-alginate binder provides a stronger adhesion betweeen electrode film and current collector.
我们采用了间苯二酚-甲醛（RF）凝胶法制备了纳米多孔 SnO2 空心微球（HMS）。进一步，我们研究了 SnO2-HMS 作为锂离子可充电电池负极材料的电化学性能，采用了三种不同的粘结剂——聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）、羧甲基纤维素钠盐（Na-CMC）和海藻酸钠。在 1C 倍率下，以海藻酸钠作为粘结剂的 SnO2 电极具有 800 mA h g(-1)的放电容量，高于以 Na-CMC（605 mA h g(-1)）和 PVDF（571 mA h g(-1)）作为粘结剂时的放电容量。经过 50 次循环后，以海藻酸钠、Na-CMC 和 PVDF 作为粘结剂的电极的放电容量分别为 725 mA h g(-1)、495 mA h g(-1)和 47 mA h g(-1)，容量保持率分别为 92%、82%和 8%。电化学阻抗谱（EIS）结果证实，以海藻酸钠作为粘结剂的 SnO2 电极的电荷转移电阻明显低于以 Na-CMC 和 PVDF 作为粘结剂的电极。含海藻酸钠的 SnO2 电极具有优异的电化学性能，这归因于纳米结构与合适的粘结剂相结合的综合效应；分级多孔结构可在 Li 嵌入-脱嵌过程中容纳大的体积变化，而海藻酸钠粘结剂在电极膜和集流器之间提供了更强的附着力。
