保护血液供应。

Protecting the blood supply.

作者信息

Bianco C

机构信息

Greater New York Blood Center, New York 10021.

出版信息

Transfus Med Rev. 1989 Jan;3(1 Suppl 1):9-12. doi: 10.1016/s0887-7963(89)70229-7.

DOI:10.1016/s0887-7963(89)70229-7

PMID:2520547

Abstract

Prevention of the transmission of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by transfusion has been the most successful area of epidemiologic control of the disease. Only 2% of the more than 50,000 cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) have been attributed to transfusion, and the vast majority of these patients were infected before the introduction of screening tests in April 1985. The overall prevention program involves donor education, adequate medical history, physical examination, and mechanisms that allow exclusion of individuals at risk in a confidential manner. The current screening tests for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies are highly sensitive, and the Western blot confirmatory test is highly specific. The present program can be used as a model in screening for other viruses and diseases, and its success has stimulated current work in developing multiple-retrovirus screening tests to detect either several retroviruses simultaneously or elements that are common to all retroviruses.

摘要

通过输血预防获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）一直是该疾病流行病学控制方面最成功的领域。向疾病控制中心（CDC）报告的50000多例病例中，只有2%被归因于输血，而且这些患者中的绝大多数是在1985年4月引入筛查试验之前就已感染。整体预防计划包括对献血者进行教育、获取充分的病史、进行体格检查，以及采用能够以保密方式排除高危个体的机制。目前针对人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）抗体的筛查试验高度敏感，而蛋白质印迹确认试验高度特异。当前的计划可作为筛查其他病毒和疾病的范例，其成功推动了目前开发多重逆转录病毒筛查试验的工作，以便同时检测几种逆转录病毒或所有逆转录病毒共有的成分。