Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 3-133 Markin/CNRL Natural Resources Engineering Facility, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2W2, Canada.
Environ Sci Technol. 2014 Oct 7;48(19):11090-9. doi: 10.1021/es503082j. Epub 2014 Sep 11.
Oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) is a toxic and poorly biodegradable mixture of sand, silt, heavy metals, and organics. In this study, qualitative and quantitative comparisons of naphthenic acids (NAs) were done using ultraperformance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC TOF-MS), Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) MS, and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). The unique combination of these analyses allowed for the determination and correlation of NAs, oxidized NAs, and heteroatom (sulfur or nitrogen) NAs. Despite its lower resolution, UPLC-TOF MS was shown to offer a comparable level of reliability and precision as the high resolution FT-ICR MS. Additionally, the impacts of ozonation (35 mg/L utilized ozone dose) and subsequent NAs degradation on OSPW toxicity were assessed via a collection of organisms and toxicity end points using Vibrio fischeri (nonspecific), specific fish macrophage antimicrobial responses, and fish olfactory responses. Fish macrophages exposed to ozonated OSPW for 1 week showed higher production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates; however, after 12 weeks the responses were reduced significantly. Fish olfactory tests suggested that OSPW interfered with their perception of odorants. Current results indicate that the quantification of NAs species, using novel analytical methods, can be combined with various toxicity methods to assess the efficiency of OSPW treatment processes.
油砂处理废水（OSPW）是一种有毒且生物降解性差的混合物，其中包含沙子、淤泥、重金属和有机物。在这项研究中，使用超高效液相色谱飞行时间质谱（UPLC-TOF-MS）、傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱（FT-ICR-MS）和离子淌度谱（IMS）对环烷酸（NAs）进行了定性和定量比较。这些分析方法的独特组合允许对 NAs、氧化 NAs 和杂原子（硫或氮）NAs 进行确定和关联。尽管 UPLC-TOF-MS 的分辨率较低，但与高分辨率 FT-ICR-MS 相比，它具有相当的可靠性和精度。此外，通过使用发光菌（非特异性）、特定鱼类巨噬细胞抗菌反应和鱼类嗅觉反应的一系列生物和毒性终点，评估了臭氧氧化（使用 35mg/L 的臭氧剂量）和随后 NAs 降解对 OSPW 毒性的影响。暴露于臭氧氧化 OSPW 1 周的鱼类巨噬细胞产生了更高水平的活性氧和氮中间产物；然而，12 周后，反应显著降低。鱼类嗅觉测试表明，OSPW 干扰了它们对气味的感知。目前的结果表明，使用新型分析方法对 NAs 物种进行定量，并结合各种毒性方法，可以评估 OSPW 处理过程的效率。
