Oles Maria, Oles Piotr
Institute of Psychology, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Aleje Raclawickie 14, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
J Ophthalmol. 2014;2014:584627. doi: 10.1155/2014/584627. Epub 2014 Aug 21.
Purpose. This study aims at evaluating coping style and quality of life in patients with glaucoma and cataract. Methods. The participants were patients (N = 237, 130F; mean age: M = 67,8; SD = 9,5) with low vision caused by cataract (N = 188) and glaucoma (N = 49) who answered the Quality of Life Questionnaire (QOLQ) by Schalock and Keith. The participants were divided by means of cluster analysis (k-means) according to coping styles measured by CISS (Endler and Parker) into three groups: (1) high mobilization for coping, (2) task-oriented coping, and (3) low mobilization for coping. Results. In all the group, a general quality of life was moderately lowered; however, in task-oriented group it was relatively high. Moreover, task-oriented group had significantly lower level of anxiety (STAI), hopelessness (HS), and loneliness (UCLA LS-R) and higher level of self-esteem (SES) in comparison to the patients from high mobilization and low mobilization for coping. Conclusions. In an old age, adaptive coping with vision disturbances does not necessarily mean flexibility in combining all coping styles, but rather task-oriented coping and an ability to use social support. Extreme mobilization for coping seems not adaptive similarly like low mobilization for coping because it violates balance between environmental requirements and personal resources.
目的。本研究旨在评估青光眼和白内障患者的应对方式及生活质量。方法。参与者为因白内障（N = 188）和青光眼（N = 49）导致视力低下的患者（N = 237，130名女性；平均年龄：M = 67.8；标准差 = 9.5），他们回答了Schalock和Keith编制的生活质量问卷（QOLQ）。根据恩德勒和帕克编制的应对方式问卷（CISS）所测量的应对方式，通过聚类分析（k均值法）将参与者分为三组：（1）高应对动员组，（2）任务导向应对组，（3）低应对动员组。结果。在所有组中，总体生活质量均有一定程度下降；然而，任务导向应对组的生活质量相对较高。此外，与高应对动员组和低应对动员组的患者相比，任务导向应对组的焦虑水平（STAI）、绝望感（HS）和孤独感（UCLA LS - R）显著更低，自尊水平（SES）更高。结论。在老年群体中，适应性地应对视力障碍不一定意味着灵活结合所有应对方式，而是任务导向应对以及利用社会支持的能力。极端的应对动员似乎与低应对动员一样不具有适应性，因为它破坏了环境要求与个人资源之间的平衡。
