Thompson Kristi S, Lewis Russell J, Ritter Roxane M
Bioaeronautical Sciences Research Laboratory, Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, AAM-610, Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Federal Aviation Administration, 6500 S. MacArthur Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73169, USA.
Bioaeronautical Sciences Research Laboratory, Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, AAM-610, Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Federal Aviation Administration, 6500 S. MacArthur Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73169, USA
J Anal Toxicol. 2014 Oct;38(8):507-12. doi: 10.1093/jat/bku062.
Zolpidem is a nonbenzodiazepine sedative hypnotic drug used for the short-term treatment of insomnia. While quite effective in producing sedation, zolpidem has potentially hazardous side effects when put in the context of complex tasks. Therefore, to more fully understand the postmortem concentrations of zolpidem, our laboratory has developed a sensitive method for the quantitation of zolpidem in biological specimens. Additionally, we have evaluated the distribution of zolpidem in various postmortem tissues and fluids from 10 aviation fatalities. This method incorporated a modified acetonitrile 'crash and shoot' extraction and a Waters Xevo TQ-S with an Acquity ultra-performance liquid chromatograph. The linear dynamic range was 0.4-800 ng/mL. The extraction efficiencies ranged from 78 to 87%, depending on the concentration. Postmortem blood zolpidem concentrations in these 10 cases ranged from 7.6 to 76.5 ng/mL. The highest concentrations of zolpidem present in each victim were found in the liver, spleen, lung and kidney tissues. Distribution coefficients for zolpidem were determined for each of the specimen types analyzed. These coefficients are expressed relative to the blood concentration in each case. This method proved to be simple, accurate and robust for the identification and quantitation of zolpidem in postmortem fluids and tissues.
唑吡坦是一种非苯二氮䓬类镇静催眠药物，用于短期治疗失眠。虽然唑吡坦在产生镇静作用方面相当有效，但在复杂任务的背景下使用时，它具有潜在的危险副作用。因此，为了更全面地了解唑吡坦的死后浓度，我们实验室开发了一种灵敏的方法来定量生物样本中的唑吡坦。此外，我们评估了唑吡坦在10例航空事故死亡者的各种死后组织和体液中的分布情况。该方法采用了改良的乙腈“快速提取”法，并结合了配备 Acquity 超高效液相色谱仪的 Waters Xevo TQ-S。线性动态范围为0.4 - 800 ng/mL。提取效率根据浓度不同，在78%至87%之间。这10例案例中的死后血液唑吡坦浓度范围为7.6至76.5 ng/mL。在每个受害者的肝脏、脾脏、肺和肾脏组织中发现了最高浓度的唑吡坦。针对所分析的每种样本类型测定了唑吡坦的分布系数。这些系数相对于每种情况下的血液浓度表示。该方法被证明对于死后体液和组织中唑吡坦的鉴定和定量是简单、准确且可靠的。
