Cornthwaite H M, Watterson J H
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, Canada P3E 2C6.
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, Canada P3E 2C6 Department of Forensic Science, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, Canada P3E 2C6
J Anal Toxicol. 2014 Oct;38(8):548-54. doi: 10.1093/jat/bku053.
The influence of body position and microclimate on ketamine (KET) and metabolite distribution in decomposed bone tissue was examined. Rats received 75 mg/kg (i.p.) KET (n = 30) or remained drug-free (controls, n = 4). Following euthanasia, rats were divided into two groups and placed outdoors to decompose in one of the three positions: supine (SUP), prone (PRO) or upright (UPR). One group decomposed in a shaded, wooded microclimate (Site 1) while the other decomposed in an exposed sunlit microclimate with gravel substrate (Site 2), roughly 500 m from Site 1. Following decomposition, bones (lumbar vertebrae, thoracic vertebra, cervical vertebrae, rib, pelvis, femora, tibiae, humeri and scapulae) were collected and sorted for analysis. Clean, ground bones underwent microwave-assisted extraction using acetone : hexane mixture (1 : 1, v/v), followed by solid-phase extraction and analysis using GC-MS. Drug levels, expressed as mass normalized response ratios, were compared across all bone types between body position and microclimates. Bone type was a main effect (P < 0.05) for drug level and drug/metabolite level ratio for all body positions and microclimates examined. Microclimate and body position significantly influenced observed drug levels: higher levels were observed in carcasses decomposing in direct sunlight, where reduced entomological activity led to slowed decomposition.
研究了体位和微气候对分解骨组织中氯胺酮（KET）及其代谢物分布的影响。大鼠接受75 mg/kg（腹腔注射）氯胺酮（n = 30）或不使用药物（对照组，n = 4）。安乐死后，大鼠分为两组，放置在户外，以三种体位之一进行分解：仰卧位（SUP）、俯卧位（PRO）或直立位（UPR）。一组在阴凉的森林微气候环境（地点1）中分解，而另一组在距离地点1约500米的有砾石基质的阳光直射微气候环境（地点2）中分解。分解后，收集骨骼（腰椎、胸椎、颈椎、肋骨、骨盆、股骨、胫骨、肱骨和肩胛骨）并分类进行分析。干净的磨碎骨骼用丙酮:己烷混合物（1:1，v/v）进行微波辅助萃取，然后进行固相萃取并用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析。以质量归一化响应比表示的药物水平在所有骨类型中按体位和微气候进行比较。在所检查的所有体位和微气候中，骨类型对药物水平和药物/代谢物水平比有主要影响（P < 0.05）。微气候和体位显著影响观察到的药物水平：在阳光直射下分解的尸体中观察到较高水平，在这种情况下昆虫活动减少导致分解减缓。
