Ballard Elizabeth D, Patel Amee B, Ward Martha, Lamis Dorian A
Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers (MIRECC), United States.
J Affect Disord. 2015 Jan 1;170:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.029. Epub 2014 Aug 27.
In line with hopelessness theory, both increased negative expectancies and reduced positive expectancies for the future have been associated with suicidal ideation. This study evaluated two depression symptom clusters as mediators of the relationship between future disposition and suicide: subjective feelings of depression and self-blame.
Data from 140 undergraduate students with moderate to severe depression symptoms are presented who completed the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, Beck Depression Inventory, and the Future Disposition Inventory.
On mediation analysis, subjective depression mediated the relationship between positive disposition and suicidal ideation. In contrast, the relationship between negative disposition and suicidal ideation was mediated by self-blame. The reverse of these relationships was not significant.
This is a cross-sectional study of an undergraduate sample and results warrant replication in clinical samples with clinician-administered assessments.
Findings suggest two potential pathways to suicidal thoughts with implications for assessment and treatment. Depressed individuals with few positive expectations of the future may benefit from interventions focusing on subjective depression symptoms, such as sadness or anhedonia. For depressed individuals with negative expectations for the future, a clinical focus on negative attributions or self-blame may be warranted.
根据绝望理论，对未来消极期望的增加和积极期望的减少都与自杀意念有关。本研究评估了两个抑郁症状群作为未来倾向与自杀之间关系的中介因素：抑郁的主观感受和自责。
呈现了140名有中度至重度抑郁症状的本科生的数据，他们完成了贝克自杀意念量表、贝克抑郁量表和未来倾向量表。
在中介分析中，主观抑郁在积极倾向与自杀意念之间起中介作用。相反，消极倾向与自杀意念之间的关系由自责介导。这些关系的反向不显著。
这是一项对本科生样本的横断面研究，结果有待在临床样本中通过临床医生实施的评估进行重复验证。
研究结果提示了两条通往自杀想法的潜在途径，对评估和治疗具有启示意义。对未来几乎没有积极期望的抑郁个体可能会从关注主观抑郁症状（如悲伤或快感缺失）的干预措施中受益。对于对未来有消极期望的抑郁个体，临床上可能有必要关注消极归因或自责。
