Matsuura Yusuke, Oka Haruko, Yamagata Kazuhiro, Kikuchi Joji, Inoue Isao, Ohkubo Nobuyuki, Toki Naoyuki, Kawagoe Toshinori, Hachisuga Toru, Kashimura Masamichi
Department of Nursing of Human Broad Development, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
J UOEH. 2014 Sep 1;36(3):205-15. doi: 10.7888/juoeh.36.205.
Uterine cervical cancer is the most common primary gynecologic malignant tumor in Japan. Conventional cervical screening Papanicolaou (Pap) test has been shown to be extremely effective in reducing cervical cancer incidence and mortality, but the consultation rate for cancer screening in Japan is markedly low, at 20% of prescribed subjects, in comparison with other developed countries. In 2001, 15,501 women (6.8%) received a Pap test in Kitakyushu City, and that was less than half of national average. From 2009, free coupons for uterine cervical cancer screening were distributed to Japanese woman who were 20, 25, 30, 35 or 40 years of age as part of the project for women-specific cancer screening. The rate of participation in Pap testing was 22.3% in 2012, with 31,970 women receiving cervical tests. It was almost as high as the national level. It's obvious that high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for cervical cancer incidence and HPV mainly infects through sexual practice. The rate of early cervical neoplasms and invasive cancers is currently increasing in young women. Abnormal Pap tests were detected in 2.3% of the women in 2008. To increase the population's participation in this screening process, a cost-effective and efficient system should be established. National and local governments, medical institutions, companies, and educational institutions must have an accurate understanding of the current situation, and take an assertive approach in order to decrease the mortality rate of uterine cervical cancer.
子宫颈癌是日本最常见的原发性妇科恶性肿瘤。传统的子宫颈筛查巴氏试验已被证明在降低子宫颈癌发病率和死亡率方面极为有效，但与其他发达国家相比，日本癌症筛查的咨询率明显较低，仅为规定对象的20%。2001年，北九州市有15501名女性（6.8%）接受了巴氏试验，不到全国平均水平的一半。从2009年起，作为特定女性癌症筛查项目的一部分，向20、25、30、35或40岁的日本女性发放了子宫颈癌筛查免费券。2012年巴氏试验的参与率为22.3%，有31970名女性接受了子宫颈检查，几乎与全国水平持平。很明显，高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是子宫颈癌发病的原因，HPV主要通过性行为感染。目前年轻女性中早期子宫颈肿瘤和浸润癌的发病率正在上升。2008年，2.3%的女性巴氏试验结果异常。为了提高民众对这一筛查过程的参与度，应建立一个具有成本效益和高效的系统。国家和地方政府、医疗机构、公司及教育机构必须准确了解当前形势，并采取积极措施以降低子宫颈癌的死亡率。
