Hirase Hajime, Iwai Youichi, Takata Norio, Shinohara Yoshiaki, Mishima Tsuneko
Laboratory for Neuron-Glia Circuitry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan Saitama University Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
Laboratory for Neuron-Glia Circuitry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2014 Oct 19;369(1654):20130604. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0604.
The influence of astrocytes on synaptic function has been increasingly studied, owing to the discovery of both gliotransmission and morphological ensheathment of synapses. While astrocytes exhibit at best modest membrane potential fluctuations, activation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) leads to a prominent elevation of intracellular calcium which has been reported to correlate with gliotransmission. In this review, the possible role of astrocytic GPCR activation is discussed as a trigger to promote synaptic plasticity, by affecting synaptic receptors through gliotransmitters. Moreover, we suggest that volume transmission of neuromodulators could be a biological mechanism to activate astrocytic GPCRs and thereby to switch synaptic networks to the plastic mode during states of attention in cerebral cortical structures.
由于神经胶质传递和突触形态包被的发现，星形胶质细胞对突触功能的影响得到了越来越多的研究。虽然星形胶质细胞充其量只表现出适度的膜电位波动，但G蛋白偶联受体（GPCRs）的激活会导致细胞内钙显著升高，据报道这与神经胶质传递相关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了星形胶质细胞GPCR激活作为促进突触可塑性的触发因素的可能作用，即通过神经胶质递质影响突触受体。此外，我们认为神经调质的容积传递可能是一种生物学机制，可激活星形胶质细胞GPCRs，从而在大脑皮质结构的注意力状态下将突触网络切换到可塑性模式。
