Repeat coronary angioplasty for restenosis: results and predictors of follow-up clinical events.

To determine the predictors of long-term outcome after repeat percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), we analyzed the immediate and follow-up results of 144 patients who underwent a second PTCA procedure for restenosis of a previously successfully dilated lesion. Clinical success was obtained in 94% of patients. Emergency coronary bypass graft surgery was required in two patients (1%). Of the 136 successfully treated patients, 126 were followed for a duration of 6 to 36 months (mean 16, median 12 months). The follow-up coronary events (mutually exclusive) included cardiac death (2%), nonfatal myocardial infarction (2%), coronary bypass surgery (15%), and third PTCA (9%). According to results of Cox regression analysis, the independent variables associated with an increased risk of recurrent coronary events after repeat PTCA were: dilatation of a proximal left anterior descending artery stenosis at both initial and second PTCA (p = 0.001), time interval between the initial and the second PTCA less than or equal to 3 months (p = 0.001), multiple versus single-lesion redilatation at the time of repeat PTCA (p = 0.002), and the presence of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.005). Thus repeat PTCA for restenosis is a safe and efficacious procedure, and it provides excellent long-term outcome in the majority of patients. Dilatation of a proximal left anterior descending artery lesion, a short time interval between the first and second PTCA procedures, diabetes mellitus, and redilatation of multiple lesions are predictors of recurrent clinical events after a second PTCA. Repeat PTCA should be considered carefully for patients falling within a high-risk profile for recurrent events after the procedure.