Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1484-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1255259.
In the presence of isotropic interactions, the Fermi surface of an ultracold Fermi gas is spherical. Introducing anisotropic interactions can deform the Fermi surface, but the effect is subtle and challenging to observe experimentally. Here, we report on the observation of a Fermi surface deformation in a degenerate dipolar Fermi gas of erbium atoms. The deformation is caused by the interplay between strong magnetic dipole-dipole interaction and the Pauli exclusion principle. We demonstrate the many-body nature of the effect and its tunability with the Fermi energy. Our observation provides a basis for future studies on anisotropic many-body phenomena in normal and superfluid phases.
在各向同性相互作用的情况下，超冷费米气体的费米面是球形的。引入各向异性相互作用可以使费米面变形，但这种效应很微妙，实验上很难观察到。在这里，我们报告了在铒原子的简并偶极费米气体中观察到的费米面变形。这种变形是由强磁偶极-偶极相互作用和泡利不相容原理的相互作用引起的。我们证明了这种效应的多体性质及其对费米能的可调谐性。我们的观察为正常相和超导相中的各向异性多体现象的进一步研究提供了基础。
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