Mukherjee Biswaroop, Yan Zhenjie, Patel Parth B, Hadzibabic Zoran, Yefsah Tarik, Struck Julian, Zwierlein Martin W
MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.
Phys Rev Lett. 2017 Mar 24;118(12):123401. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.123401. Epub 2017 Mar 23.
We report on the creation of homogeneous Fermi gases of ultracold atoms in a uniform potential. In the momentum distribution of a spin-polarized gas, we observe the emergence of the Fermi surface and the saturated occupation of one particle per momentum state: the striking consequence of Pauli blocking in momentum space for a degenerate gas. Cooling a spin-balanced Fermi gas at unitarity, we create homogeneous superfluids and observe spatially uniform pair condensates. For thermodynamic measurements, we introduce a hybrid potential that is harmonic in one dimension and uniform in the other two. The spatially resolved compressibility reveals the superfluid transition in a spin-balanced Fermi gas, saturation in a fully polarized Fermi gas, and strong attraction in the polaronic regime of a partially polarized Fermi gas.
我们报道了在均匀势场中创建超冷原子的均匀费米气体。在自旋极化气体的动量分布中，我们观察到费米面的出现以及每个动量态一个粒子的饱和占据：这是简并气体在动量空间中泡利阻塞的显著结果。在幺正性条件下冷却自旋平衡的费米气体，我们创建了均匀超流体并观察到空间均匀的对凝聚。对于热力学测量，我们引入了一种混合势，它在一个维度上是谐振的，在另外两个维度上是均匀的。空间分辨的压缩率揭示了自旋平衡费米气体中的超流转变、完全极化费米气体中的饱和以及部分极化费米气体的极化子区域中的强吸引。
