Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Câmpus Ibirubá, Rua Profª Nelsi Ribas Fritsch, no. 1111, Bairro Esperança, 98200-000, Ibirubá, RS, Caixa Postal 121, Brazil,
Environ Monit Assess. 2014 Dec;186(12):9051-63. doi: 10.1007/s10661-014-4065-2. Epub 2014 Sep 23.
Grapevines grown on acid soils with low fertility in southern Brazil are treated with intense foliar applications of copper (Cu) fungicides, resulting in an increased level of Cu in the soil and increased toxicity. The present study evaluated the accumulation and bioavailability of Cu, and soils with varying levels of Cu from the main producing regions of southern Brazil were collected. The forms of Cu present in the soil were assessed using chemical extractants; additionally, oat cultivation was performed, reflecting the use of the plant as an indicator of Cu bioavailability. Cu accumulated in the topsoil, mainly in bioavailable forms, and there was also an increase of Cu up to a depth of 0.4 m. Cu was primarily found in the mineral fraction, with apparent saturation of the soil organic matter functional groups. Inceptisol and Alfisol soils with a long history of cupric fungicide application were found to have levels of Cu toxic to oat plants. Furthermore, accumulated copper in Alfisol soil from the Campanha Gaúcha region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul had higher bioavailability compared to Cu accumulated in Inceptisol soil from the Serra Gaúcha region. In addition, the copper concentration in roots was found to serve as an indicator of Cu bioavailability in soil, but not of copper phytotoxicity in plants.
在巴西南部，生长在酸性土壤且肥力较低的葡萄藤，会接受铜（Cu）杀菌剂的强烈叶面处理，这导致土壤中的 Cu 含量增加，毒性增强。本研究评估了 Cu 的积累和生物有效性，并收集了来自巴西南部主要生产地区、具有不同 Cu 水平的土壤。使用化学提取剂评估了土壤中 Cu 的存在形式；此外，还进行了燕麦种植，这反映了该植物作为 Cu 生物有效性指示物的应用。Cu 积累在表土中，主要以生物可利用的形式存在，在 0.4 m 深的土层中也有 Cu 增加。Cu 主要存在于矿物相中，土壤有机质官能团明显饱和。在使用铜杀菌剂时间较长的始成土和淋溶土中，发现 Cu 含量达到了对燕麦植物有毒的水平。此外，与来自南里奥格兰德州 Serra Gaúcha 地区的始成土相比，来自 Rio Grande do Sul 州 Campanha Gaúcha 地区的 Alfisol 土壤中积累的 Cu 具有更高的生物有效性。此外，根系中的铜浓度被发现可作为土壤中 Cu 生物有效性的指标，但不能作为植物铜毒性的指标。
