D'Aniello Biagio, Scandurra Anna, Prato-Previde Emanuela, Valsecchi Paola
Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 80126 Italy.
Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
Behav Processes. 2015 Jan;110:68-73. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2014.09.022. Epub 2014 Sep 20.
Various studies have assessed the role of life experiences, including learning opportunities, living conditions and the quality of dog-human relationships, in the use of human cues and problem-solving ability. The current study investigates how and to what extent training affects the behaviour of dogs and the communication of dogs with humans by comparing dogs trained for a water rescue service and untrained pet dogs in the impossible task paradigm. Twenty-three certified water rescue dogs (the water rescue group) and 17 dogs with no training experience (the untrained group) were tested using a modified version of the impossible task described by Marshall-Pescini et al. in 2009. The results demonstrated that the water rescue dogs directed their first gaze significantly more often towards the owner and spent more time gazing toward two people compared to the untrained pet dogs. There was no difference between the dogs of the two groups as far as in the amount of time spent gazing at the owner or the stranger; neither in the interaction with the apparatus attempting to obtain food. The specific training regime, aimed at promoting cooperation during the performance of water rescue, could account for the longer gazing behaviour shown toward people by the water rescue dogs and the priority of gazing toward the owner.
多项研究评估了生活经历，包括学习机会、生活条件以及人与狗关系的质量，在狗对人类线索的利用和解决问题能力方面所起的作用。本研究通过在不可能任务范式中比较接受过水上救援服务训练的狗和未经训练的宠物狗，调查训练如何以及在多大程度上影响狗的行为以及狗与人类的交流。使用Marshall-Pescini等人在2009年描述的不可能任务的修改版本，对23只经过认证的水上救援犬（水上救援组）和17只没有训练经验的狗（未训练组）进行了测试。结果表明，与未经训练的宠物狗相比，水上救援犬将首次注视显著更频繁地指向主人，并且花更多时间注视两个人。两组狗在注视主人或陌生人的时间量方面没有差异；在与试图获取食物的器具的互动方面也没有差异。旨在促进水上救援行动中合作的特定训练方案，可以解释水上救援犬对人表现出的更长时间注视行为以及对主人注视的优先性。
