Western Ecological Research Center, US Geological Survey, c/o Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; email:
Ann Rev Mar Sci. 2015;7:471-96. doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-015646. Epub 2014 Sep 12.
Seafood is a growing part of the economy, but its economic value is diminished by marine diseases. Infectious diseases are common in the ocean, and here we tabulate 67 examples that can reduce commercial species' growth and survivorship or decrease seafood quality. These impacts seem most problematic in the stressful and crowded conditions of aquaculture, which increasingly dominates seafood production as wild fishery production plateaus. For instance, marine diseases of farmed oysters, shrimp, abalone, and various fishes, particularly Atlantic salmon, cost billions of dollars each year. In comparison, it is often difficult to accurately estimate disease impacts on wild populations, especially those of pelagic and subtidal species. Farmed species often receive infectious diseases from wild species and can, in turn, export infectious agents to wild species. However, the impact of disease export on wild fisheries is controversial because there are few quantitative data demonstrating that wild species near farms suffer more from infectious diseases than those in other areas. The movement of exotic infectious agents to new areas continues to be the greatest concern.
海鲜是经济的重要组成部分，但海洋疾病却降低了其经济价值。传染病在海洋中很常见，在这里我们列出了 67 种可降低商业物种生长和存活率或降低海鲜质量的例子。这些影响在水产养殖的紧张和拥挤的环境中似乎最为严重，水产养殖日益主导着海鲜生产，而野生渔业产量却趋于稳定。例如，养殖牡蛎、虾、鲍鱼和各种鱼类，尤其是大西洋鲑鱼，每年都会遭受数十亿的损失。相比之下，通常很难准确估计疾病对野生种群的影响，特别是那些洄游性和潮间带物种的影响。养殖物种经常从野生物种中感染传染病，反过来也会将传染病传播给野生物种。然而，疾病传播对野生渔业的影响存在争议，因为很少有定量数据表明在养殖场附近的野生物种比其他地区的野生物种更容易受到传染病的影响。外来传染病向新地区的传播仍然是最大的担忧。
