Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; email:
Annu Rev Psychol. 2015 Jan 3;66:769-97. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015249. Epub 2014 Sep 12.
We examine evidence supporting the associations among physical activity (PA), cognitive vitality, neural functioning, and the moderation of these associations by genetic factors. Prospective epidemiological studies provide evidence for PA to be associated with a modest reduction in relative risk of cognitive decline. An evaluation of the PA-cognition link across the life span provides modest support for the effect of PA on preserving and even enhancing cognitive vitality and the associated neural circuitry in older adults, with the majority of benefits seen for tasks that are supported by the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. The literature on children and young adults, however, is in need of well-powered randomized controlled trials. Future directions include a more sophisticated understanding of the dose-response relationship, the integration of genetic and epigenetic approaches, inclusion of multimodal imaging of brain-behavior changes, and finally the design of multimodal interventions that may yield broader improvements in cognitive function.
我们研究了支持体力活动（PA）、认知活力、神经功能之间关联的证据，以及遗传因素对这些关联的调节作用。前瞻性的流行病学研究表明，PA 与认知能力下降的相对风险降低有一定关联。对整个生命周期中的 PA-认知关系的评估为 PA 对保护甚至增强老年人的认知活力和相关神经回路提供了适度的支持，其中大多数益处见于由前额叶皮层和海马体支持的任务。然而，关于儿童和年轻人的文献需要进行更有力的随机对照试验。未来的方向包括更深入地了解剂量反应关系，整合遗传和表观遗传方法，纳入脑-行为变化的多模态成像，以及最终设计可能会带来更广泛的认知功能改善的多模态干预措施。
