Echelle Anthony A, Schwemm Michael R, Lang Nicholas J, Nagle Brett C, Simons Andrew M, Unmack Peter J, Fisher William L, Hoagstrom Christopher W
Zoology Department, Oklahoma State University, United States.
Zoology Department, Oklahoma State University, United States.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2014 Dec;81:109-19. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.09.011. Epub 2014 Sep 22.
The Nocomis biguttatus species group ranges widely across North America from the Red River in Oklahoma and Arkansas north to Minnesota and east-west from Wyoming to Ontario. The group includes three traditionally recognized allopatric species: the wide-ranging N. biguttatus and two geographically more restricted species, N. asper from the western Ozarks (Arkansas River system) and two disjunct locations in the Red River system, and N. effusus from the Green, Cumberland, and lower Tennessee rivers. Separate analyses of the mitochondrial cytb gene and two nuclear genes (S7 intron 1 and a portion of the gene for growth hormone, GH), each resolved a cryptic species previously treated as N. biguttatus from the southern Ozarks (White River). Relationships among the four species were unresolved because of conflicts between cytb and S7 and a lack of resolution for GH. A previously indicated N. biguttatus-N. effusus sister-relationship appears to reflect past hybridization and mtDNA capture by N. effusus. Nocomis biguttatus includes four primary cytb clades with unresolved inter-relationships. A Northern Ozarks-Great Plains-Upper Midwest Clade and an Ohio River-Eastern Great Lakes Clade presumably represent late Quaternary dispersal from glacial refugia in, respectively, the northern Ozarks and an unglaciated portion of the Ohio River system. Other clades include one from the Meramec River and a Black River-St. Francis River Clade. There was evidence in N. effusus for a phylogeographic break between the lower Tennessee River and the Green-Cumberland basins. Geographic structure is weak in N. asper, indicating relatively recent contact between now disjunct populations in the Arkansas and Red river basins. The Blue River population of N. asper appears to reflect late Pleistocene or Holocene hybridization and genetic swamping of a resident native population of N. biguttatus by an invading population of N. asper. This postulates past occurrence of N. biguttatus far south of its present range.
双斑诺氏鲤种群广泛分布于北美，从俄克拉荷马州和阿肯色州的红河向北至明尼苏达州，从怀俄明州至安大略省呈东西向分布。该种群包括三个传统上被认可的异域物种：分布广泛的双斑诺氏鲤以及另外两个地理分布更受限的物种，即来自奥扎克山脉西部（阿肯色河水系）以及红河系统中两个不连续地点的粗糙诺氏鲤，还有来自格林河、坎伯兰河和田纳西河下游的疏诺氏鲤。对线粒体细胞色素b基因和两个核基因（S7内含子1以及生长激素基因GH的一部分）分别进行分析，均识别出一个此前被视为双斑诺氏鲤的隐存种，它来自奥扎克山脉南部（怀特河）。由于细胞色素b基因和S7基因之间存在冲突，且生长激素基因分析结果不明确，这四个物种之间的关系尚未得到解决。先前指出的双斑诺氏鲤 - 疏诺氏鲤姐妹关系似乎反映了过去疏诺氏鲤的杂交和线粒体DNA捕获现象。双斑诺氏鲤包括四个主要的细胞色素b分支，它们之间的相互关系尚未明确。奥扎克山脉北部 - 大平原 - 中西部上游分支和俄亥俄河 - 东部大湖分支可能分别代表了末次冰期后从奥扎克山脉北部和俄亥俄河水系未受冰川影响部分的冰川避难所扩散而来。其他分支包括一个来自梅拉梅克河的分支以及一个黑河 - 圣弗朗西斯河分支。在疏诺氏鲤中，有证据表明田纳西河下游与格林 - 坎伯兰河流域之间存在系统发育间断。粗糙诺氏鲤的地理结构较弱，这表明阿肯色河和红河流域中现在不连续的种群之间相对近期才发生接触。粗糙诺氏鲤的蓝河种群似乎反映了末次更新世或全新世时期，入侵的粗糙诺氏鲤种群与当地双斑诺氏鲤原住种群之间的杂交和基因淹没现象。这假定了双斑诺氏鲤过去曾出现在其当前分布范围以南很远的地方。
