Lee Dane M, Nichols Tommy
Int J Health Care Qual Assur. 2014;27(7):642-52. doi: 10.1108/ijhcqa-04-2014-0042.
The purpose of this paper is to identify the challenges when recruiting and retaining rural physicians and to ascertain methods that make rural physician recruitment and retention successful. There are studies that suggest rural roots is an important factor in recruiting rural physicians, while others look at rural health exposure in medical school curricula, self-actualization, community sense and spousal perspectives in the decision to practice rural medicine.
DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: An extensive literature review was performed using Academic Search Complete, PubMed and The Cochrane Collaboration. Key words were rural, rural health, community hospital(s), healthcare, physicians, recruitment, recruiting, retention, retaining, physician(s) and primary care physician(s). Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed full-text articles written in English, published from 1997 and those limited to USA and Canada. Articles from foreign countries were excluded owing to their unique healthcare systems.
While there are numerous articles that call for special measures to recruit and retain physicians in rural areas, there is an overall dearth. This review identifies several articles that suggest recruitment and retention techniques. There is a need for a research agenda that includes valid, reliable and rigorous analysis regarding formulating and implementing these strategies.
ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Rural Americans are under-represented when it comes to healthcare and what research there is to assist recruitment and retention is difficult to find. This paper identify the relevant research and highlights key strategies.
本文旨在确定招聘和留住乡村医生时面临的挑战，并确定使乡村医生招聘和留用取得成功的方法。有研究表明，乡村根源是招聘乡村医生的一个重要因素，而其他研究则关注医学院课程中的乡村医疗接触、自我实现、社区意识以及配偶在选择从事乡村医疗工作时的观点。
设计/方法/途径：使用学术搜索完整版、PubMed和考科蓝协作网进行了广泛的文献综述。关键词包括乡村、乡村医疗、社区医院、医疗保健、医生、招聘、招募、留用、留住、医生和初级保健医生。纳入标准为1997年以来发表的、以英文撰写的、经同行评审的全文文章，且仅限于美国和加拿大。由于国外独特的医疗体系，排除了来自国外的文章。
虽然有大量文章呼吁采取特殊措施在农村地区招聘和留住医生，但总体上仍很匮乏。本综述确定了几篇提出招聘和留用技巧的文章。需要一个研究议程，包括对制定和实施这些策略进行有效、可靠和严格的分析。
原创性/价值：在医疗保健方面，美国农村地区的代表性不足，而且很难找到有助于招聘和留用的相关研究。本文确定了相关研究并突出了关键策略。
