Ruggieri Víctor L
Hospital de Pediatria SAMIC. Prof. Dr. J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Rev Neurol. 2014 Feb 24;58 Suppl 1:S137-48.
The amygdala is related with the recognition of the emotional meaning of stimuli, long-term memory, the orientation of social stimuli and the perception of gaze orientation. It plays a fundamental role in the recognition of faces, especially those expressing fear, and makes it possible to comprehend different emotional states, which will facilitate an appropriate social cognition. Dysfunctions of the amygdala have been associated to a number of different neurodevelopmental disorders as well as neurocognitive and behavioural disorders in specific neurogenetic entities. A number of studies focused on the amygdalic complex have allowed researchers to understand many pathophysiological aspects and to formulate new hypotheses regarding their origins. Given that the disorders or conditions in which the role of the amygdala has been evoked are becoming increasingly more extensive, this article refers the reader to those that have aroused the most interest in recent years. Thus, they can be divided into two groups: developmental and behavioural disorders (autism, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, alexithymia and anorexia nervosa) and specific neurogenetic entities (fragile X, Rett, Prader-Willi and Williams syndromes), in which structural or dysfunctional alterations have been observed that may be related with their neurocognitive and behavioural symptoms. It is important to remember that the amygdala is a highly connected structure that forms truly functional networks and has been associated to different disorders with varied explanations and includes several different pathophysiological phenomena. Its role must not, therefore, be simplified in a reductionistic manner, but also placed upon a hierarchy of dysfunctions in other areas that interact with it.
杏仁核与刺激的情感意义识别、长期记忆、社会刺激的定向以及注视方向的感知有关。它在面部识别中起着基础性作用，尤其是识别那些表达恐惧的面部表情，并且使得理解不同的情绪状态成为可能，这将促进适当的社会认知。杏仁核功能障碍与多种不同的神经发育障碍以及特定神经遗传实体中的神经认知和行为障碍有关。许多针对杏仁核复合体的研究使研究人员能够了解许多病理生理方面，并就其起源提出新的假设。鉴于唤起杏仁核作用的疾病或状况越来越广泛，本文将向读者介绍近年来最受关注的那些疾病。因此，它们可分为两组：发育和行为障碍（自闭症、焦虑症、双相情感障碍、述情障碍和神经性厌食症）以及特定神经遗传实体（脆性X综合征、雷特综合征、普拉德-威利综合征和威廉姆斯综合征），在这些疾病中观察到了可能与其神经认知和行为症状相关的结构或功能改变。重要的是要记住，杏仁核是一个高度连通的结构，形成真正的功能网络，并且与不同的疾病相关，有各种不同的解释，还包括几种不同的病理生理现象。因此，其作用绝不能以还原论的方式简化，而应置于与它相互作用的其他区域功能障碍的层次结构中。
