School of Petroleum Engineering, Changzhou University, 213164, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China,
Environ Monit Assess. 2014 Dec;186(12):8051-61. doi: 10.1007/s10661-014-4050-9. Epub 2014 Sep 25.
Heavy metal pollution is an increasing environmental problem in Chinese regions undergoing rapid economic and industrial development, such as the Pearl River Delta (PRD), southern China. We determined heavy metal concentrations in surface soils from the PRD. The soils were polluted with heavy metals, as defined by the Chinese soil quality standard grade II criteria. The degree of pollution decreased in the order Cd > Cu > Ni > Zn > As > Cr > Hg > Pb. The degree of heavy metal pollution by land use decreased in the order waste treatment plants (WP) > urban land (UL) > manufacturing industries (MI) > agricultural land (AL) > woodland (WL) > water sources (WS). Pollution with some of the metals, including Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn, was attributed to the recent rapid development of the electronics and electroplating industries. Cd, Hg, and Pb (especially Cd) pose high potential ecological risks in all of the zones studied. The soils posing significantly high and high potential ecological risks from Cd covered 73.3 % of UL, 50 % of MI and WP land, and 48.5 % of AL. The potential ecological risks from heavy metals by land use decreased in the order UL > MI > AL > WP > WL > WS. The control of Cd, Hg, and Pb should be prioritized in the PRD, and emissions in wastewater, residue, and gas discharges from the electronics and electroplating industry should be decreased urgently. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides should also be decreased.
重金属污染是中国经济和工业快速发展地区（如中国南方的珠江三角洲）日益严重的环境问题。我们测定了珠江三角洲表层土壤中的重金属浓度。这些土壤受到了重金属污染，符合中国土壤质量标准二级标准。污染程度的顺序为 Cd>Cu>Ni>Zn>As>Cr>Hg>Pb。按土地利用类型划分，重金属污染程度的顺序为废物处理厂（WP）>城市用地（UL）>制造业（MI）>农业用地（AL）>林地（WL）>水源（WS）。一些金属（包括 Cd、Cu、Ni 和 Zn）的污染归因于电子和电镀工业的近期快速发展。Cd、Hg 和 Pb（尤其是 Cd）在所有研究区域都具有很高的潜在生态风险。UL 土地上有 73.3%、MI 和 WP 土地上有 50%、AL 土地上有 48.5%的土壤受到 Cd 显著高和高潜在生态风险的影响。按土地利用类型划分，重金属的潜在生态风险程度顺序为 UL>MI>AL>WP>WL>WS。在珠江三角洲，应优先控制 Cd、Hg 和 Pb，紧急减少电子和电镀行业废水、残渣和废气排放中的重金属排放。还应减少化肥和农药的使用。
