Choi Hyong Woo, Hwang Byung Kook
Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea.
Planta. 2015 Jan;241(1):1-27. doi: 10.1007/s00425-014-2171-6. Epub 2014 Sep 25.
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) provides a good experimental system for studying the molecular and functional genomics underlying the ability of plants to defend themselves against microbial pathogens. Cell death is a genetically programmed response that requires specific host cellular factors. Hypersensitive response (HR) is defined as rapid cell death in response to a pathogen attack. Pepper plants respond to pathogen attacks by activating genetically controlled HR- or disease-associated cell death. HR cell death, specifically in incompatible interactions between pepper and Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, is mediated by the molecular genetics and biochemical machinery that underlie pathogen-induced cell death in plants. Gene expression profiles during the HR-like cell death response, virus-induced gene silencing and transient and transgenic overexpression approaches are used to isolate and identify HR- or disease-associated cell death genes in pepper plants. Reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, cytosolic calcium ion and defense-related hormones such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene and abscisic acid are involved in the execution of pathogen-induced cell death in plants. In this review, we summarize recent molecular and cellular studies of the pepper cell death-mediated defense response, highlighting the signaling events of cell death in disease-resistant pepper plants. Comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the cellular functions of pepper cell death response genes will aid the development of novel practical approaches to enhance disease resistance in pepper, thereby helping to secure the future supply of safe and nutritious pepper plants worldwide.
辣椒（Capsicum annuum L.）为研究植物抵御微生物病原体能力背后的分子和功能基因组学提供了一个良好的实验系统。细胞死亡是一种需要特定宿主细胞因子的基因程序性反应。过敏反应（HR）被定义为对病原体攻击的快速细胞死亡。辣椒植株通过激活基因控制的HR或与疾病相关的细胞死亡来应对病原体攻击。HR细胞死亡，特别是在辣椒与野油菜黄单胞菌辣椒斑点病致病变种的不亲和相互作用中，是由植物中病原体诱导的细胞死亡所依据的分子遗传学和生化机制介导的。利用HR样细胞死亡反应过程中的基因表达谱、病毒诱导的基因沉默以及瞬时和转基因过表达方法，来分离和鉴定辣椒植株中与HR或疾病相关的细胞死亡基因。活性氧、一氧化氮、胞质钙离子以及防御相关激素，如水杨酸、茉莉酸、乙烯和脱落酸，都参与了植物中病原体诱导的细胞死亡过程。在本综述中，我们总结了辣椒细胞死亡介导的防御反应的最新分子和细胞研究，重点介绍了抗病辣椒植株中细胞死亡的信号事件。全面了解和认识辣椒细胞死亡反应基因的细胞功能，将有助于开发新的实用方法来增强辣椒的抗病性，从而有助于确保全球安全且营养丰富的辣椒植株的未来供应。
