Fastame Maria Chiara, Hitchcott Paul Kenneth, Penna Maria Pietronilla
a Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy.
Aging Ment Health. 2015;19(8):698-704. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2014.962003. Epub 2014 Sep 25.
There is controversial evidence concerning the variables favoring depression in community-dwelling elderly individuals. This study mainly investigates the impact of lifestyle, residential environment, cognitive efficiency and social desirability in predicting self-assessed depressive signs in late adult span.
One hundred forty-nine elders were recruited in Northern Italy and Sardinia - an Italian island characterized by the longevity of people living in the inner areas. Participants were presented a battery of questionnaires assessing cognitive efficiency and self-referent measures of depression, metacognition and social desirability.
A hierarchical regression analysis showed that residential environment was the most effective predictor of depressive symptoms, along with gardening and spending time for hobbies. In contrast, social desirability and metacognitive scores played a minor role in predicting mental health. An analysis of variance showed that Sardinian elders showed fewer signs of depression than age-matched elders residing in Northern Italy.
The Sardinian residential environment is a strong predictor of preserved mental health in late adulthood. In contrast, self-rated metacognitive efficiency and social desirability play a very marginal role in predicting depression among the elderly.
关于有利于社区居住老年人抑郁的变量，存在有争议的证据。本研究主要调查生活方式、居住环境、认知效率和社会期望在预测成年后期自我评估抑郁症状方面的影响。
在意大利北部和撒丁岛招募了149名老年人，撒丁岛是意大利的一个岛屿，其内陆地区居民长寿。参与者接受了一系列问卷调查，以评估认知效率以及抑郁、元认知和社会期望的自我参照测量。
分层回归分析表明，居住环境是抑郁症状最有效的预测因素，园艺活动和花时间从事爱好也是。相比之下，社会期望和元认知得分在预测心理健康方面作用较小。方差分析表明，撒丁岛的老年人比居住在意大利北部的年龄匹配的老年人表现出更少的抑郁迹象。
撒丁岛的居住环境是成年后期保持心理健康的有力预测因素。相比之下，自我评定的元认知效率和社会期望在预测老年人抑郁方面作用非常有限。
