Wang Ian J, Bradburd Gideon S
Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA, 94705, USA.
Mol Ecol. 2014 Dec;23(23):5649-62. doi: 10.1111/mec.12938. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
The interactions between organisms and their environments can shape distributions of spatial genetic variation, resulting in patterns of isolation by environment (IBE) in which genetic and environmental distances are positively correlated, independent of geographic distance. IBE represents one of the most important patterns that results from the ways in which landscape heterogeneity influences gene flow and population connectivity, but it has only recently been examined in studies of ecological and landscape genetics. Nevertheless, the study of IBE presents valuable opportunities to investigate how spatial heterogeneity in ecological processes, agents of selection and environmental variables contributes to genetic divergence in nature. New and increasingly sophisticated studies of IBE in natural systems are poised to make significant contributions to our understanding of the role of ecology in genetic divergence and of modes of differentiation both within and between species. Here, we describe the underlying ecological processes that can generate patterns of IBE, examine its implications for a wide variety of disciplines and outline several areas of future research that can answer pressing questions about the ecological basis of genetic diversity.
生物体与其环境之间的相互作用能够塑造空间遗传变异的分布，从而导致环境隔离模式（IBE），即遗传距离与环境距离呈正相关，且与地理距离无关。IBE是景观异质性影响基因流动和种群连通性方式所产生的最重要模式之一，但直到最近才在生态和景观遗传学研究中得到检验。然而，IBE研究为探究生态过程、选择因子和环境变量中的空间异质性如何导致自然界中的遗传分化提供了宝贵机会。对自然系统中IBE的新的、日益复杂的研究有望为我们理解生态学在遗传分化中的作用以及物种内部和物种之间的分化模式做出重大贡献。在这里，我们描述了能够产生IBE模式的潜在生态过程，探讨了其对众多学科的影响，并概述了几个未来研究领域，这些领域可以回答有关遗传多样性生态基础的紧迫问题。
