a Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
Can J Microbiol. 2014 Oct;60(10):649-59. doi: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0317. Epub 2014 Sep 3.
Flaxseed is a rich source of α-linolenic acid, an essential ω-3 fatty acid reported to have beneficial health effects in humans. Feeding swine a diet supplemented with flaxseed has been found to enrich pork products with ω-3 fatty acids. However, the effect of flaxseed supplementation on the swine gut microbiota has not been assessed to date. The purpose of this study was to investigate if extruded flaxseed has any impact on the bacterial and archaeal microbiota in the feces of growing-finishing pigs over a 51-day period, using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and real-time PCR. Bacterial DGGE profile analysis revealed major temporal shifts in the bacterial microbiota with only minor ones related to diet. The archaeal microbiota was significantly less diverse than that of Bacteria. The majority of bacterial DGGE bands sequenced belonged to the Firmicutes phylum while the archaeal DGGE bands were found to consist of only 2 species, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Methanosphaera stadtmanae. The abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased significantly from day 0 to day 21 in all diet groups while the abundance of Firmicutes was relatively stable across all diet cohorts and sampling times. There was also no significant correlation between pig mass and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. While the addition of extruded flaxseed to the feed of growing-finishing pigs was beneficial for improving ω-3 fatty acid content of pork, it had no detectable impact on the fecal bacterial and archaeal microbiota, suggesting that extruded flaxseed may be used to improve meat quality without adverse effect on the swine gut microbiota or animal performance.
亚麻籽是 α-亚麻酸的丰富来源，α-亚麻酸是一种必需的 ω-3 脂肪酸，据报道对人体健康有有益影响。研究发现，在猪的饮食中添加亚麻籽可以使猪肉产品富含 ω-3 脂肪酸。然而，迄今为止，尚未评估亚麻籽补充剂对猪肠道微生物群的影响。本研究旨在通过变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）和实时 PCR 研究膨化亚麻籽对生长-育肥猪粪便中细菌和古菌微生物群在 51 天期间的影响。细菌 DGGE 图谱分析显示，细菌微生物群主要存在时间变化，与饮食相关的变化较小。古菌微生物群的多样性明显低于细菌。测序的大多数细菌 DGGE 带属于厚壁菌门，而古菌 DGGE 带仅由 2 种组成，即 Methanobrevibacter smithii 和 Methanosphaera stadtmanae。在所有饮食组中，从第 0 天到第 21 天，拟杆菌门的丰度显著降低，而厚壁菌门的丰度在所有饮食队列和采样时间内相对稳定。猪体重与厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比例之间也没有显著相关性。虽然在生长-育肥猪的饲料中添加膨化亚麻籽有益于提高猪肉中的 ω-3 脂肪酸含量，但它对粪便中的细菌和古菌微生物群没有明显影响，这表明膨化亚麻籽可用于改善肉质，而不会对猪肠道微生物群或动物性能产生不利影响。
