Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2014 Nov;29(11):607-13. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.09.004. Epub 2014 Oct 1.
Making decisions informed by the best-available science is an objective for many organisations managing the environment or natural resources. Yet, available science is still not widely used in environmental policy and practice. We describe a '4S' hierarchy for organising relevant science to inform decisions. This hierarchy has already revolutionised clinical practice. It is beginning to emerge for environmental management, although all four levels need substantial development before environmental decision-makers can reliably and efficiently find the evidence they need. We expose common bypass routes that currently lead to poor or biased representation of scientific knowledge. We argue that the least developed level of the hierarchy is that closest to decision-makers, placing synthesised scientific knowledge into environmental decision support systems.
许多管理环境或自然资源的组织都以利用最佳可得科学信息为决策目标。然而，现有的科学信息在环境政策和实践中的应用还不够广泛。我们描述了一个“4S”层次结构，用于组织相关科学信息以辅助决策。该层次结构已经彻底改变了临床实践。尽管在环境决策者能够可靠且高效地找到所需证据之前，还需要对所有四个层次进行大量开发，但它已经开始应用于环境管理领域。我们揭示了目前导致科学知识代表性差或有偏见的常见捷径。我们认为，层次结构中最不发达的层次是最接近决策者的层次，即将综合科学知识纳入环境决策支持系统。
