Department of Counseling and Applied Educational Psychology, Northeastern University.
Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services, Ball State University.
J Couns Psychol. 2014 Oct;61(4):507-12. doi: 10.1037/cou0000026.
Recent advances in the field of neuroscience have dramatically changed our understanding of brain-behavior relationships. In this article, we illustrate how neuroscience can provide a conceptual and methodological framework to understand our clients within a transdiagnostic developmental perspective. We provide directions for integrating neuroscience into future process and outcome research. We present examples on how neuroscience can be integrated into researching the effects of contextual counseling interventions. We posit that interpersonal and environmental factors, such as neurotoxic factors (e.g., emotional neglect, stress), positive neurodevelopmental factors (e.g., nurturing and caring, environmental enrichment), and therapeutic interventions influence psychological processes (executive control, behavioral flexibility, reinforcement learning and approach motivation, emotional expression and regulation, self-representation and theory of mind). These psychological processes influence brain networks (attention, motivational, emotional regulation, social cognition), which influence cognitive, social, emotional, identity, and vocational development.
神经科学领域的最新进展极大地改变了我们对脑-行为关系的理解。在本文中，我们说明了神经科学如何为从跨诊断发展的角度理解我们的客户提供一个概念和方法框架。我们为将神经科学纳入未来的过程和结果研究提供了方向。我们介绍了如何将神经科学纳入研究情境咨询干预效果的例子。我们假设人际和环境因素，如神经毒性因素（例如，情感忽视、压力）、积极的神经发育因素（例如，养育和关爱、环境丰富）和治疗干预会影响心理过程（执行控制、行为灵活性、强化学习和趋近动机、情绪表达和调节、自我表征和心理理论）。这些心理过程会影响大脑网络（注意力、动机、情绪调节、社会认知），进而影响认知、社会、情感、身份和职业发展。
