Day Martin V, Fiske Susan T, Downing Emily L, Trail Thomas E
Princeton University, NJ, USA
Princeton University, NJ, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2014 Dec;40(12):1559-73. doi: 10.1177/0146167214551152. Epub 2014 Oct 6.
People's social and political opinions are grounded in their moral concerns about right and wrong. We examine whether five moral foundations--harm, fairness, ingroup, authority, and purity--can influence political attitudes of liberals and conservatives across a variety of issues. Framing issues using moral foundations may change political attitudes in at least two possible ways: (a) Entrenching: Relevant moral foundations will strengthen existing political attitudes when framing pro-attitudinal issues (e.g., conservatives exposed to a free-market economic stance) and (b) Persuasion: Mere presence of relevant moral foundations may also alter political attitudes in counter-attitudinal directions (e.g., conservatives exposed to an economic regulation stance). Studies 1 and 2 support the entrenching hypothesis. Relevant moral foundation-based frames bolstered political attitudes for conservatives (Study 1) and liberals (Study 2). Only Study 2 partially supports the persuasion hypothesis. Conservative-relevant moral frames of liberal issues increased conservatives' liberal attitudes.
人们的社会和政治观点基于他们对是非的道德关切。我们研究了五个道德基础——伤害、公平、内群体、权威和纯洁——是否会在各种问题上影响自由主义者和保守主义者的政治态度。使用道德基础来构建问题可能至少通过两种方式改变政治态度:(a)强化:当构建支持态度的问题时(例如,保守主义者接触到自由市场经济立场),相关的道德基础会强化现有的政治态度;(b)说服:相关道德基础的单纯呈现也可能使政治态度朝着反态度的方向改变(例如,保守主义者接触到经济监管立场)。研究1和研究2支持强化假设。基于相关道德基础的框架增强了保守主义者(研究1)和自由主义者(研究2)的政治态度。只有研究2部分支持说服假设。自由主义问题中与保守主义相关的道德框架增加了保守主义者的自由主义态度。