Haidt Jonathan
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):998-1002. doi: 10.1126/science.1137651.
People are selfish, yet morally motivated. Morality is universal, yet culturally variable. Such apparent contradictions are dissolving as research from many disciplines converges on a few shared principles, including the importance of moral intuitions, the socially functional (rather than truth-seeking) nature of moral thinking, and the coevolution of moral minds with cultural practices and institutions that create diverse moral communities. I propose a fourth principle to guide future research: Morality is about more than harm and fairness. More research is needed on the collective and religious parts of the moral domain, such as loyalty, authority, and spiritual purity.
人是自私的，但也有道德动机。道德是普遍的，但又因文化而异。随着来自多个学科的研究趋向于一些共同原则，这些明显的矛盾正在消解，这些原则包括道德直觉的重要性、道德思维的社会功能（而非寻求真理）本质，以及道德观念与创造不同道德群体的文化实践和制度的共同进化。我提出第四条原则以指导未来的研究：道德不仅仅关乎伤害与公平。对于道德领域中集体和宗教方面，如忠诚、权威和精神纯洁性，还需要进行更多研究。
