Kasimanickam R, Asay M, Schroeder S, Kasimanickam V, Gay J M, Kastelic J P, Hall J B, Whittier W D
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Reprod Domest Anim. 2014 Dec;49(6):1063-7. doi: 10.1111/rda.12436. Epub 2014 Oct 8.
Profitability of a beef operation is determined by the proportion of cows attaining pregnancy early in the breeding season and those that are pregnant at the end of breeding season. Many factors, including temperament, contribute to those reproductive parameters. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of temperament on reproductive performance of beef cows. In Experiment 1, Angus and Angus-cross beef cows (n = 1546) from eight locations were assigned a body condition score (BCS; 1 = emaciated; 9 = obese) and chute exit and gait score (1 = slow exit, walk; calm temperament; 2 = jump, trot or run; excitable temperament). Cows were grouped with bulls (1 : 25 to 1 : 30; with satisfactory breeding potential and free of venereal disease) for an 85-day breeding season. Pregnancy status and stage of gestation were determined (transrectal palpation) 35 days after the end of the breeding season. Controlling for BCS (p < 0.01) and handling facility (p < 0.0001) and handling facility by temperament score interaction (p < 0.001), breeding season pregnancy rate was lower in excited versus calm cows [88.6% (798/901) vs 94.1% (607/645); p < 0.001]. Cows with an excitable temperament took 24 more days to become pregnant compared to calm cows (median days to pregnancy, 35 vs 59 days; p < 0.0001). In Experiment 2, Angus and Angus-cross beef cows (n = 1407) from 8 locations were assigned scores for body condition and chute exit and gait (as described in Experiment 1) and assigned to bulls (breeding sound and free of venereal disease; 1 : 25 to 1 : 30) for 85 days. Pregnancy status was determined by transrectal palpation at 2 and 6 months after the onset of the breeding season. Controlling for BCS (p < 0.05), pregnancy loss was higher in excited versus calm cows [5.5% (36/651) vs 3.2% (20/623), p < 0.0001]. In conclusion, beef cows with an excitable temperament had significantly lower reproductive performance than calmer cows. The modified two-point chute exit-gait scoring method was repeatable and identified cattle with an excitable temperament.
肉牛养殖的盈利能力取决于在繁殖季节早期怀孕的母牛比例以及繁殖季节结束时怀孕的母牛比例。许多因素，包括性情，都会影响这些繁殖参数。本研究的目的是评估性情对肉牛繁殖性能的影响。在实验1中，来自八个地点的安格斯和安格斯杂交肉牛母牛（n = 1546）被评定体况评分（BCS；1 = 消瘦；9 = 肥胖）以及通道出口和步态评分（1 = 缓慢出口，行走；性情平静；2 = 跳跃、小跑或奔跑；性情易激动）。母牛与公牛（比例为1 : 25至1 : 30；具有令人满意的繁殖潜力且无性病）分组，进行为期85天的繁殖季节。在繁殖季节结束35天后，通过直肠触诊确定怀孕状态和妊娠阶段。在控制体况评分（p < 0.01）、处理设施（p < 0.0001）以及处理设施与性情评分的交互作用（p < 0.001）后，易激动的母牛与性情平静的母牛相比，繁殖季节怀孕率较低[88.6%（798/901）对94.1%（607/645）；p < 0.001]。与性情平静的母牛相比，性情易激动的母牛怀孕所需时间多24天（怀孕的中位数天数，分别为35天和59天；p < 0.0001）。在实验2中，来自8个地点的安格斯和安格斯杂交肉牛母牛（n = 1407）被评定体况以及通道出口和步态评分（如实验1所述），并与公牛（繁殖健全且无性病；1 : 25至1 : 30）分组85天。在繁殖季节开始2个月和6个月后通过直肠触诊确定怀孕状态。在控制体况评分（p < 0.05）后，易激动的母牛与性情平静的母牛相比，妊娠损失更高[5.5%（36/651）对3.2%（20/623），p < 0.0001]。总之，性情易激动的肉牛母牛的繁殖性能显著低于性情较平静的母牛。改良的两点式通道出口 - 步态评分方法具有可重复性，能够识别出性情易激动的牛。
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