Vieira A L M, Pires A S, Nunes-Freitas A F, Oliveira N M, Resende A S, Campello E F C
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
Embrapa Agrobiologia, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
Braz J Biol. 2014 Aug;74(3):538-44. doi: 10.1590/bjb.2014.0075.
Trapping methods can strongly influence the sampling of mammal communities. This study compared the efficiency of the capture of small mammals in Sherman traps in two positions (at ground level and in trees) and pitfall traps in a fragmented landscape. Trapping sessions were carried out between October 2008 and October 2009 at two fragments (8 and 17 ha), an agroforest corridor between them, and the adjacent pasture. A total effort of 4622 trap-nights resulted in 155 captures of 137 individuals from six species. Pitfalls had greater success (4.03%), followed by Shermans on the ground (2.98%) and on trees (2.37%; χ2 = 6.50, p = 0.04). Five species were caught in Sherman ground traps, four in pitfalls and just two on trees. There was no difference among trap types for marsupials (χ2 = 4.75; p = 0.09), while for rodents, pitfalls were more efficient than Shermans on the ground (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.02). As a result, the efficiency of each trap type differed among habitats, due to differences in their species composition. Pitfalls were more efficient in the rainy season (Fisher's exact test, p <0.0001) while Shermans on trees were more efficient in the dry season (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.009). There was no difference between seasons for Shermans on the ground (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.76). Considering the results found, we recommend that future studies of forest mammal communities, particularly those designed to test the effects of forest fragmentation, include combinations of different trap types.
诱捕方法会对哺乳动物群落的采样产生重大影响。本研究比较了在破碎化景观中，两种放置方式（地面和树上）的谢尔曼陷阱以及陷阱式诱捕器捕获小型哺乳动物的效率。诱捕工作于2008年10月至2009年10月在两个地块（8公顷和17公顷）、它们之间的一条农林走廊以及相邻牧场进行。总共4622个陷阱夜的努力捕获了来自6个物种的137只个体，共计155次捕获。陷阱式诱捕器的成功率更高（4.03%），其次是地面上的谢尔曼陷阱（2.98%）和树上的谢尔曼陷阱（2.37%；χ2 = 6.50，p = 0.04）。在地面的谢尔曼陷阱中捕获了5个物种，陷阱式诱捕器中捕获了4个物种，而树上仅捕获了2个物种。对于有袋动物，不同陷阱类型之间没有差异（χ2 = 4.75；p = 0.09），而对于啮齿动物，陷阱式诱捕器比地面上的谢尔曼陷阱更有效（费舍尔精确检验，p = 0.02）。因此，由于不同栖息地物种组成的差异，每种陷阱类型的效率在不同栖息地有所不同。陷阱式诱捕器在雨季更有效（费舍尔精确检验，p <0.0001），而树上的谢尔曼陷阱在旱季更有效（费舍尔精确检验，p = 0.009）。地面上的谢尔曼陷阱在不同季节之间没有差异（费舍尔精确检验，p = 0.76）。鉴于这些研究结果，我们建议未来对森林哺乳动物群落的研究，特别是那些旨在测试森林破碎化影响的研究，应采用不同陷阱类型的组合。
