Kullar Jagdev Singh, Randhawa Gurpreet Kaur, Kullar Keerat Kaur
Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2014 Sep;4(Suppl 1):S13-6. doi: 10.4103/2229-516X.140709.
Calcaneus or os calcis forms a major component of the skeleton of foot providing posterior pillars for bony arches of the foot. It is largest of seven tarsal bones of foot and forms prominence of heel. Many times anterior to calcaneal tuberosity an osteophytic outgrowth has been observed (calcaneal or heel spur) extending along entire width, for about 2-2.5 cm. The apex of spur seen embedded in plantar fascia, directly anterior to its origin. Hence, the study of calcaneal spurs has been undertaken.
The material for the study consisted of 200 dry (100 right and 100 left), adult calcanei of unknown age and sex obtained from Department of Anatomy. The calcaneal enthesophytes/spurs were studied in detail and classified according to types of calcaneum.
Maximum incidence of calcaneal spurs were found in Type I calcanei (11%) and no calcaneal spurs were found in Type III calcanei. Total incidence of dorsal calcaneal spurs in all types of calcanei was maximal (15.5%). The incidence of plantar spurs was 6.5% being highest in Type I calcanei (4%). The incidence and type of calcaneal spurs were compared with those of previous studies and etiology of heel pain has been discussed. Correlation between type of calcanei and spurs has been studied for the 1(st) time.
Calcaneal spurs are related to type of calcanei with the highest frequency in Type I and least in Type III (no spurs seen in Type III and least in Type IV). Other factors, which contribute toward increase in incidence of spurs, are increasing age and weight, concurrent orthopedic diseases, and heel pain.
跟骨是足部骨骼的主要组成部分，为足弓提供后支柱。它是足部七块跗骨中最大的一块，形成足跟的隆起。在跟骨结节前方多次观察到骨赘增生（跟骨或足跟骨刺），沿整个宽度延伸约2 - 2.5厘米。骨刺的尖端嵌入足底筋膜，正好在其起点前方。因此，对跟骨骨刺进行了研究。
本研究材料包括从解剖学系获得的200块干燥的（100块右侧和100块左侧）、年龄和性别未知的成人跟骨。对跟骨附着点骨赘/骨刺进行了详细研究，并根据跟骨类型进行分类。
I型跟骨中跟骨骨刺的发生率最高（11%），III型跟骨中未发现跟骨骨刺。所有类型跟骨中背侧跟骨骨刺的总发生率最高（15.5%）。足底骨刺的发生率为6.5%，在I型跟骨中最高（4%）。将跟骨骨刺的发生率和类型与先前的研究进行了比较，并讨论了足跟痛的病因。首次研究了跟骨类型与骨刺之间的相关性。
跟骨骨刺与跟骨类型有关，I型发生率最高，III型最低（III型未发现骨刺，IV型最少）。导致骨刺发生率增加的其他因素包括年龄增长、体重增加、并发的骨科疾病和足跟痛。
