Nzeyimana Innocent, Hartemink Alfred E, Geissen Violette
Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Department of Soil Science, FD Hole Soils Lab, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2014 Oct 9;9(10):e107449. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107449. eCollection 2014.
The Government of Rwanda is implementing policies to increase the area of Arabica coffee production. Information on the suitable areas for sustainably growing Arabica coffee is still scarce. This study aimed to analyze suitable areas for Arabica coffee production. We analyzed the spatial distribution of actual and potential production zones for Arabica coffee, their productivity levels and predicted potential yields. We used a geographic information system (GIS) for a weighted overlay analysis to assess the major production zones of Arabica coffee and their qualitative productivity indices. Actual coffee yields were measured in the field and were used to assess potential productivity zones and yields using ordinary kriging with ArcGIS software. The production of coffee covers about 32 000 ha, or 2.3% of all cultivated land in the country. The major zones of production are the Kivu Lake Borders, Central Plateau, Eastern Plateau, and Mayaga agro-ecological zones, where coffee is mainly cultivated on moderate slopes. In the highlands, coffee is grown on steep slopes that can exceed 55%. About 21% percent of the country has a moderate yield potential, ranging between 1.0 and 1.6 t coffee ha-1, and 70% has a low yield potential (<1.0 t coffee ha-1). Only 9% of the country has a high yield potential of 1.6-2.4 t coffee ha-1. Those areas are found near Lake Kivu where the dominant soil Orders are Inceptisols and Ultisols. Moderate yield potential is found in the Birunga (volcano), Congo-Nile watershed Divide, Impala and Imbo zones. Low-yield regions (<1 t ha-1) occur in the eastern semi-dry lowlands, Central Plateau, Eastern Plateau, Buberuka Highlands, and Mayaga zones. The weighted overlay analysis and ordinary kriging indicated a large spatial variability of potential productivity indices. Increasing the area and productivity of coffee in Rwanda thus has considerable potential.
卢旺达政府正在实施政策，以扩大阿拉比卡咖啡的种植面积。关于适合可持续种植阿拉比卡咖啡的区域的信息仍然匮乏。本研究旨在分析阿拉比卡咖啡的适宜种植区域。我们分析了阿拉比卡咖啡实际和潜在产区的空间分布、其生产力水平以及预测的潜在产量。我们使用地理信息系统（GIS）进行加权叠加分析，以评估阿拉比卡咖啡的主要产区及其定性生产力指数。在实地测量了实际咖啡产量，并使用ArcGIS软件通过普通克里金法来评估潜在生产力区域和产量。咖啡种植面积约为32000公顷，占该国所有耕地的2.3%。主要产区是基伍湖边境地区、中部高原、东部高原和马亚加农业生态区，咖啡主要种植在中等坡度的土地上。在高地，咖啡种植在坡度可能超过55%的陡坡上。该国约21%的地区具有中等产量潜力，产量在1.0至1.6吨/公顷咖啡之间，70%的地区产量潜力较低（<1.0吨/公顷咖啡）。只有9%的地区具有1.6 - 2.4吨/公顷咖啡的高产量潜力。这些地区位于基伍湖附近，主要土壤类型为始成土和老成土。中等产量潜力出现在比隆加（火山）、刚果 - 尼罗分水岭、因帕拉和因博地区。低产地区（<1吨/公顷）出现在东部半干旱低地、中部高原、东部高原、布贝鲁卡高地和马亚加地区。加权叠加分析和普通克里金法表明潜在生产力指数存在很大的空间变异性。因此，增加卢旺达咖啡的种植面积和提高其生产力具有相当大的潜力。
