Pop Monica, Gheorghe Alina
Oftalmologia. 2014;58(2):3-7.
Vitreous role in the pathophysiology of retinal diseases has increased importantly over the recent years. This was possible using Optical Coherence Tomography which reviewed the way the vitreoretinal interface should be looked at and defined and classified new pathologies such as Vitreoretinal Traction Syndrome. Vitreous is not an empty space but an important anatomical structure with role in ocular physiology. With age biochemical changes occur so that vitreous starts to liquefy. Once the vitreous is liquefied (sinchisis) it collapses and passes in the retrohialoid space (sineresis). In complete PVD besides sinchisis there is a weakness of the adherence between the posterior cortex and ILM with total detachment of posterior cortex. Abnormal adhesions are associated with incomplete PVD. The definition and understanting of vitreoretinal pathology is an active and continuous process, PVD being the trigger of a lot of retinal pathologies: epiretinal membrane, macular hole, tractional macular oedema, VMTS, myopic traction maculopathy, exacerbations of exudative ARMD.
近年来,玻璃体在视网膜疾病病理生理学中的作用显著增强。这得益于光学相干断层扫描技术,它重新审视了观察和定义玻璃体视网膜界面的方式,并对诸如玻璃体视网膜牵引综合征等新的病理状况进行了分类。玻璃体并非一个空洞的空间,而是在眼生理学中具有重要作用的解剖结构。随着年龄增长,会发生生化变化,导致玻璃体开始液化。一旦玻璃体液化(玻璃体劈裂),它就会塌陷并进入视网膜后间隙(玻璃体后脱离)。在完全性玻璃体后脱离中,除了玻璃体劈裂外,后皮质与内界膜之间的粘连会变弱,后皮质完全脱离。异常粘连与不完全性玻璃体后脱离相关。对玻璃体视网膜病理学的定义和理解是一个活跃且持续的过程,玻璃体后脱离是许多视网膜疾病的触发因素:视网膜前膜、黄斑裂孔、牵引性黄斑水肿、玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征、近视性牵引性黄斑病变、渗出性年龄相关性黄斑变性的加重。