Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
Discipline of Behavioural and Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2014 Nov;34(7):580-93. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2014.09.002. Epub 2014 Sep 22.
Death anxiety is considered to be a basic fear underlying the development and maintenance of numerous psychological conditions. Treatment of transdiagnostic constructs, such as death anxiety, may increase treatment efficacy across a range of disorders. Therefore, the purpose of the present review is to: (1) examine the role of Terror Management Theory (TMT) and Experimental Existential Psychology in understanding death anxiety as a transdiagnostic construct, (2) outline inventories used to evaluate the presence and severity of death anxiety, (3) review research evidence pertaining to the assessment and treatment of death anxiety in both non-clinical and clinical populations, and (4) discuss clinical implications and future research directions. Numerous inventories have been developed to evaluate the presence and severity of death anxiety, and research has provided compelling evidence that death anxiety is a significant issue, both theoretically and clinically. In particular, death anxiety appears to be a basic fear at the core of a range of mental disorders, including hypochondriasis, panic disorder, and anxiety and depressive disorders. Large-scale, controlled studies to determine the efficacy of well-established psychological therapies in the treatment of death anxiety as a transdiagnostic construct are warranted.
死亡焦虑被认为是许多心理状况发展和维持的基本恐惧。治疗跨诊断结构,如死亡焦虑,可以提高多种疾病的治疗效果。因此,本综述的目的是:(1)检查恐怖管理理论(TMT)和实验存在心理学在理解死亡焦虑作为跨诊断结构方面的作用,(2)概述用于评估死亡焦虑的存在和严重程度的清单,(3)综述关于非临床和临床人群中死亡焦虑评估和治疗的研究证据,以及(4)讨论临床意义和未来的研究方向。已经开发了许多清单来评估死亡焦虑的存在和严重程度,研究提供了令人信服的证据,表明死亡焦虑在理论和临床方面都是一个重大问题。特别是,死亡焦虑似乎是一系列精神障碍的核心基本恐惧,包括疑病症、惊恐障碍以及焦虑和抑郁障碍。需要进行大规模、对照研究,以确定已确立的心理疗法在治疗死亡焦虑作为跨诊断结构方面的疗效。