Johnson Brent R, Weaver Paul C, Nietch Christopher T, Lazorchak James M, Struewing Katherine A, Funk David H
United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2015 Jan;34(1):167-72. doi: 10.1002/etc.2777. Epub 2014 Dec 4.
Anthropogenic disturbances, including those from developing energy resources, can alter stream chemistry significantly by elevating total dissolved solids. Field studies have indicated that mayflies (Order Ephemeroptera) are particularly sensitive to high total dissolved solids. In the present study, the authors measured 20-d growth and survivorship of larval Neocloeon triangulifer exposed to a gradient of brine salt (mixed NaCl and CaCl2 ) concentrations. Daily growth rates were reduced significantly in all salt concentrations above the control (363 µS cm(-1) ) and larvae in treatments with specific conductance >812 µS cm(-1) were in comparatively earlier developmental stages (instars) at the end of the experiment. Survivorship declined significantly when specific conductance was >1513 µS cm(-1) and the calculated 20-d 50% lethal concentration was 2866 µS cm(-1) . The present study's results provide strong experimental evidence that elevated ion concentrations similar to those observed in developing energy resources, such as oil and gas drilling or coal mining, can adversely affect sensitive aquatic insect species.
包括开发能源资源所造成的干扰在内的人为干扰，会通过提高总溶解固体含量而显著改变溪流化学性质。野外研究表明，蜉蝣目昆虫对高总溶解固体特别敏感。在本研究中，作者测量了暴露于不同浓度盐水（氯化钠和氯化钙混合）梯度下的三角新蜉幼虫20天的生长和存活率。所有高于对照（363 μS cm⁻¹）的盐浓度下，每日生长速率均显著降低，且在实验结束时，电导率>812 μS cm⁻¹处理组的幼虫处于相对较早的发育阶段（龄期）。当电导率>1513 μS cm⁻¹时，存活率显著下降，计算得出的20天半数致死浓度为2866 μS cm⁻¹。本研究结果提供了有力的实验证据，表明与在开发能源资源（如石油和天然气钻探或煤矿开采）中观察到的类似的离子浓度升高，会对敏感的水生昆虫物种产生不利影响。
