Sunnevång Cecilia, Lecuyer Erwan, Hynd David, Carroll Jolyon, Kruse Dion, Boström Ola
a Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science , Umeå University , Sweden.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2014;15 Suppl 1:S96-102. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2014.934367.
Within the EC Seventh Framework project THORAX, the Mod-Kit THOR was upgraded with a new thorax and shoulder. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the THOR ATD met a set of prerequisites to a greater extent than Hybrid III and by that measure whether the dummy could serve as a potential tool for future evaluation of serious head and chest injuries in near-side oblique frontal impacts.
A small-overlap/oblique sled system was used to reflect occupant forces observed in oblique frontal crashes. The head and thoracic response from THOR was evaluated for 3 combinations: belt only with no deformation of the driver's side door (configuration A), belt only in combination with a predeformed door (configuration B), and prepretensioning belt and driver airbag (PPT+DAB) in combination with a predeformed door (configuration C). To evaluate head injury risk, the head injury criterion (HIC) and brain injury criteria (BrIC) were used. For evaluation of the thoracic injury risk, 3 injury criteria proposed by the THORAX project were evaluated: Dmax, DcTHOR, and strain (dummy rib fractures).
Unlike Hybrid III, the THOR with SD3 shoulder interacted with the side structure in a near-side oblique frontal impact. HIC values for the 3 test configurations corresponded to a 90% (A) and 100% (B and C) risk of Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 2+ head injury, and BrIC values resulted in a 100% risk of AIS 2+ head injury in configurations A and B. In C the risk was reduced to 75%. The AIS 2+ thoracic injury risks based on Dmax were similar (14-18%) for all tests. Based on DcTHOR, AIS 2+ injury risk increased from 29 to 53% as the predeformed door side was introduced (A to B), and the risk increased, to 64%, as a PPT+DAB was added (C). Considering the AIS 2+ injury risk based on strain, tests in A resulted in an average of 3 dummy rib fractures (17%). Introducing the predeformed door (B) increased the average of dummy fractures to 5 (39%), but in C the average number of dummy rib fractures decreased to 4 (28%).
THOR with an SD3 shoulder should be the preferred ATD rather than the Hybrid III for evaluating head and thorax injuries in oblique frontal impacts. Thoracic interaction with the predeformed door was not well captured by the 3D IR-Traccs; hence, use of deflection as an injury predictor in oblique loading is insufficient for evaluating injury risk in this load case. However, injury risk evaluation may be performed using the strain measurements, which characterize loading from seat belt and airbag as well as the lateral contribution of the structural impact in the loading condition used in this study.
在欧盟第七框架项目“THORAX”中，模块化工具包“THOR”配备了新的胸部和肩部进行了升级。本研究的目的是调查THOR假人是否比Hybrid III假人在更大程度上满足一系列前提条件，并据此衡量该假人是否可作为未来评估近侧斜前方碰撞中严重头部和胸部损伤的潜在工具。
使用小重叠/斜向雪橇系统来反映斜前方碰撞中观察到的乘员受力情况。对THOR假人的头部和胸部响应进行了3种组合评估：仅使用安全带且驾驶员侧车门无变形（配置A）、仅使用安全带并结合预变形车门（配置B）、预紧式安全带和驾驶员安全气囊（PPT+DAB）并结合预变形车门（配置C）。为评估头部损伤风险，使用了头部损伤准则（HIC）和脑损伤准则（BrIC）。为评估胸部损伤风险，对THORAX项目提出的3种损伤准则进行了评估：Dmax、DcTHOR和应变（假人肋骨骨折）。
与Hybrid III不同，带有SD3肩部的THOR在近侧斜前方碰撞中与侧面结构发生相互作用。3种测试配置的HIC值对应于简明损伤定级（AIS）2+级头部损伤的风险为90%（A）和100%（B和C），配置A和B的BrIC值导致AIS 2+级头部损伤的风险为100%。在配置C中，风险降至75%。基于Dmax的所有测试中，AIS 2+级胸部损伤风险相似（14 - 18%）。基于DcTHOR，随着引入预变形车门侧（从A到B），AIS 2+级损伤风险从29%增加到53%，添加PPT+DAB后风险增加到64%。考虑基于应变的AIS 2+级损伤风险，配置A的测试平均导致3根假人肋骨骨折（17%）。引入预变形车门（B）使假人骨折平均数量增加到5根（39%），但在配置C中，假人肋骨骨折平均数量降至4根（28%）。
对于评估斜前方碰撞中的头部和胸部损伤，带有SD3肩部的THOR应是首选的假人，而非Hybrid III。3D IR - Traccs未很好地捕捉到胸部与预变形车门的相互作用；因此，在斜向加载中使用挠度作为损伤预测指标不足以评估该载荷情况下的损伤风险。然而，可以使用应变测量进行损伤风险评估，应变测量可表征安全带和安全气囊的加载以及本研究中使用的加载条件下结构撞击的侧向作用。
