Chou Pei-Yu, Su Chen-Ming, Huang Chun-Yin, Tang Chih-Hsin
Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Nursing, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:407518. doi: 10.1155/2014/407518. Epub 2014 Sep 16.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a mechanical abnormality associated with degradation of joints. It is characterized by chronic, progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, abnormalities of bone, and synovial change. The most common symptom of OA is local inflammation resulting from exogenous stress or endogenous abnormal cytokines. Additionally, OA is associated with local and/or systemic activation of coagulation and anticoagulation pathways. Thrombin plays an important role in the stimulation of fibrin deposition and the proinflammatory processes in OA. Thrombin mediates hemostatic and inflammatory responses and guides the immune response to tissue damage. Thrombin activates intracellular signaling pathways by interacting with transmembrane domain G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), known as protease-activated receptors (PARs). In pathogenic mechanisms, PARs have been implicated in the development of acute and chronic inflammatory responses in OA. Therefore, discovery of thrombin signaling pathways would help us to understand the mechanism of OA pathogenesis and lead us to develop therapeutic drugs in the future.
骨关节炎（OA）是一种与关节退化相关的机械性异常。其特征为关节软骨的慢性进行性退化、骨骼异常以及滑膜改变。OA最常见的症状是由外源性应激或内源性异常细胞因子导致的局部炎症。此外，OA与凝血和抗凝途径的局部和/或全身激活有关。凝血酶在OA中纤维蛋白沉积的刺激和促炎过程中起重要作用。凝血酶介导止血和炎症反应，并引导对组织损伤的免疫反应。凝血酶通过与跨膜结构域G蛋白偶联受体（GPCRs）相互作用来激活细胞内信号通路，这些受体被称为蛋白酶激活受体（PARs）。在致病机制中，PARs与OA中急性和慢性炎症反应的发生有关。因此，发现凝血酶信号通路将有助于我们理解OA发病机制，并引领我们未来开发治疗药物。
