Houghteling Pearl D, Walker W Allan
Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Charlestown.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015 Mar;60(3):294-307. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000597.
Microbial colonization of the infant occurs during a critical time window for immune and gastrointestinal development. Infant colonization sets the stage for the adult microbiome. This review is a broad survey of the factors affecting infant colonization and the downstream effects on gastrointestinal health and disease. Major topics affecting colonization include initial inoculation dependent on birth mode, the impact of breast-feeding, and inside-out modulation of the developing microbiome by the immune system. Major outcomes of colonization include the timing-dependent education of the neonatal immune system, which is interconnected with barrier function and metabolism. These all engage in further continuing cross-talk with the microbiome, genetics, and nutrition. This review also briefly examines mechanisms of disease resulting from disrupted colonization as well as nutritional and microbial therapies.
婴儿的微生物定植发生在免疫和胃肠道发育的关键时间窗口内。婴儿定植为成人微生物群奠定了基础。本综述广泛调查了影响婴儿定植的因素以及对胃肠道健康和疾病的下游影响。影响定植的主要主题包括取决于分娩方式的初始接种、母乳喂养的影响以及免疫系统对发育中的微生物群的由内而外的调节。定植的主要结果包括新生儿免疫系统的时间依赖性教育，这与屏障功能和新陈代谢相互关联。所有这些都与微生物群、遗传学和营养进行进一步持续的相互作用。本综述还简要研究了因定植中断导致的疾病机制以及营养和微生物疗法。
