Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Autoimmun Rev. 2015 Mar;14(3):183-91. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.10.013. Epub 2014 Oct 12.
The intestinal microbiome plays a significant role in the development of autoimmune diseases, in particular, inflammatory bowel diseases. But the interplay between the intestinal tract and the liver may explain the increased association with autoimmune liver diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases. The gut-liver axis involves multiple inflammatory cell types and cytokines, chemokines and other molecules which lead to the destruction of normal liver architecture. Triggers for the initiation of these events are unclear, but appear to include multiple environmental factors, including pathogenic or even commensal microbial agents. The variation in the gut microbiome has been cited as a major factor in the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver disease and even other autoimmune diseases. The unique positioning of the liver at the juncture of the peripheral circulation and the portal circulation augments the interaction between naïve T cells and other hepatic cells and leads to the disruption in the development of tolerance to commensal bacteria and other environmental agents. Finally, the innate immune system and in particular toll-like receptors play a significant role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver disease.
肠道微生物群在自身免疫性疾病的发展中起着重要作用，特别是在炎症性肠病中。但是，肠道和肝脏之间的相互作用可能可以解释与自身免疫性肝病和炎症性肠病的关联增加。肠道-肝脏轴涉及多种炎症细胞类型和细胞因子、趋化因子和其他分子，这些物质导致正常肝脏结构的破坏。这些事件的启动触发因素尚不清楚，但似乎包括多种环境因素，包括致病甚至共生微生物。肠道微生物组的变化被认为是自身免疫性肝病甚至其他自身免疫性疾病发病机制的主要因素。肝脏位于外周循环和门静脉循环的交界处的独特位置增强了幼稚 T 细胞与其他肝细胞之间的相互作用，并导致对共生细菌和其他环境因素的耐受性的发展中断。最后，先天免疫系统，特别是 toll 样受体，在自身免疫性肝病的发病机制中起着重要作用。
