Andrews Jeannette O, Mueller Martina, Newman Susan D, Magwood Gayenell, Ahluwalia Jasjit S, White Kellee, Tingen Martha S
University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA,
J Urban Health. 2014 Dec;91(6):1158-74. doi: 10.1007/s11524-014-9911-6.
The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between individual and neighborhood social contextual factors and smoking prevalence among African-American women in subsidized neighborhoods. We randomly sampled 663 adult women in 17 subsidized neighborhoods in two Southeastern US states. The smoking prevalence among participants was 37.6%, with an estimated neighborhood household prevalence ranging from 30 to 68%. Smokers were more likely to be older, have lower incomes, have lower BMI, and live with other smokers. Women with high social cohesion were less likely to smoke, although living in neighborhoods with higher social cohesion was not associated with smoking prevalence. Women with higher social cohesion were more likely to be older and had lived in the neighborhood longer. Women with high stress (related to violence and disorder) and who lived in neighborhoods with higher stress were more likely to smoke. Younger women were more likely to have higher stress than older women. There were no statistically significant associations with objective neighborhood crime data in any model. This is the first study to examine both individual and neighborhood social contextual correlates among African-American women in subsidized neighborhoods. This study extends findings about smoking behaviors and neighborhood social contexts in this high-risk, urban population. Future research is needed to explore age and residential stability differences and perceptions of social cohesion, neighborhood disorder, and perceived violence in subsidized housing. Further research is also warranted on African-American women, subsidized housing, smoking, social context, health disparities' effective strategies to address these individual and contextual factors to better inform future ecological-based multilevel prevention, and cessation intervention strategies.
本研究的目的是检验美国东南部两个州17个补贴社区中，非裔美国女性个体和社区社会环境因素与吸烟率之间的关联。我们在美国东南部两个州的17个补贴社区中随机抽取了663名成年女性。参与者的吸烟率为37.6%，估计社区家庭吸烟率在30%至68%之间。吸烟者更有可能年龄较大、收入较低、体重指数较低，并且与其他吸烟者同住。社会凝聚力高的女性吸烟的可能性较小，尽管生活在社会凝聚力较高的社区与吸烟率无关。社会凝聚力高的女性年龄更大，在社区居住的时间更长。压力大（与暴力和混乱有关）且生活在压力较大社区的女性更有可能吸烟。年轻女性比年长女性更容易有较高的压力。在任何模型中，与客观的社区犯罪数据均无统计学上的显著关联。这是第一项研究补贴社区中非裔美国女性个体和社区社会环境相关因素的研究。本研究扩展了关于这个高风险城市人群吸烟行为和社区社会环境的研究结果。未来需要进行研究，以探索补贴住房中的年龄和居住稳定性差异，以及对社会凝聚力、社区混乱和感知到的暴力的看法。还需要对非裔美国女性、补贴住房、吸烟、社会环境、健康差异进行进一步研究，以制定有效的策略来应对这些个体和环境因素，从而更好地为未来基于生态的多层次预防和戒烟干预策略提供信息。
