Schrank B, Brownell T, Tylee A, Slade M
King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom; Medical University of Vienna, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vienna, Austria.
King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom.
East Asian Arch Psychiatry. 2014 Sep;24(3):95-103.
This paper reviews the literature on positive psychology with a special focus on people with mental illness. It describes the characteristics, critiques, and roots of positive psychology and positive psychotherapy, and summarises the existing evidence on positive psychotherapy. Positive psychology aims to refocus psychological research and practice on the positive aspects of experience, strengths, and resources. Despite a number of conceptual and applied research challenges, the field has rapidly developed since its introduction at the turn of the century. Today positive psychology serves as an umbrella term to accommodate research investigating positive emotions and other positive aspects such as creativity, optimism, resilience, empathy, compassion, humour, and life satisfaction. Positive psychotherapy is a therapeutic intervention that evolved from this research. It shows promising results for reducing depression and increasing well-being in healthy people and those with depression. Positive psychology and positive psychotherapy are increasingly being applied in mental health settings, but research evidence involving people with severe mental illness is still scarce. The focus on strengths and resources in positive psychology and positive psychotherapy may be a promising way to support recovery in people with mental illness, such as depression, substance abuse disorders, and psychosis. More research is needed to adapt and establish these approaches and provide an evidence base for their application.
本文回顾了关于积极心理学的文献，特别关注患有精神疾病的人群。它描述了积极心理学和积极心理治疗的特点、批判以及根源，并总结了关于积极心理治疗的现有证据。积极心理学旨在将心理学研究和实践重新聚焦于体验、优势和资源的积极方面。尽管存在一些概念和应用研究方面的挑战，但自世纪之交引入以来，该领域发展迅速。如今，积极心理学作为一个总括性术语，涵盖了对积极情绪以及其他积极方面（如创造力、乐观主义、复原力、同理心、同情心、幽默和生活满意度）的研究。积极心理治疗是从这项研究中发展而来的一种治疗干预方法。它在减轻健康人群和抑郁症患者的抑郁症状以及提高幸福感方面显示出了有前景的结果。积极心理学和积极心理治疗越来越多地应用于心理健康领域，但涉及严重精神疾病患者的研究证据仍然匮乏。积极心理学和积极心理治疗中对优势和资源的关注可能是支持患有精神疾病（如抑郁症、物质使用障碍和精神病）的人康复的一种有前景的方式。需要更多研究来调整和确立这些方法，并为其应用提供证据基础。
