Bahl Sunil, Gary Howard E, Jafari Hamid, Sarkar Bidyut K, Pathyarch Surendra K, Sethi Raman, Deshpande Jagadish
National Polio Surveillance Project, WHO Country Office for India, New Delhi.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Global Immunization Division, Atlanta, Georgia.
J Infect Dis. 2014 Nov 1;210 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S234-42. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu379.
Despite intensified use of monovalent oral poliovirus type 1 vaccine and improved coverage of immunization campaigns, wild poliovirus type 1 persisted in Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar during 2006 to 2009.
A serosurvey was conducted among cases of acute flaccid paralysis in the 25 high-polio-incidence districts of western Uttar Pradesh. Children were recruited by age group (6-11 months, 12-24 months, and 25-69 months) from among cases reported through the acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system between November 2008 and August 2009.
Seroprevalence for type 1 wild poliovirus was >96.4% for each age group. The seroprevalence of wild poliovirus types 2 and 3 increased with age, from 36.7% to 73.4% for type 2 and from 39.0% to 74.1% for type 3. In addition to the number of type-specific vaccine doses, father's level of education, being from a Muslim family, height for age, and female sex were the socioeconomic risk factors associated with seronegativity to poliovirus.
The seroprevalence and risk factors identified in this study were consistent with the epidemiology of polio, and the findings were instrumental in optimizing vaccination strategy in western Uttar Pradesh with respect to the choice of OPV types, the frequency of supplementary immunization campaigns, and the urgency to improve routine immunization services.
尽管强化使用了单价口服脊髓灰质炎1型疫苗并提高了免疫活动的覆盖率，但2006年至2009年期间，印度北方邦和比哈尔邦仍存在野生脊髓灰质炎1型病毒。
在北方邦西部25个脊髓灰质炎高发区对急性弛缓性麻痹病例进行了血清学调查。2008年11月至2009年8月期间，通过急性弛缓性麻痹监测系统报告的病例中，按年龄组（6 - 11个月、12 - 24个月和25 - 69个月）招募儿童。
每个年龄组的1型野生脊髓灰质炎病毒血清阳性率均>96.4%。2型和3型野生脊髓灰质炎病毒的血清阳性率随年龄增长而升高，2型从36.7%升至73.4%，3型从39.0%升至74.1%。除了特定类型疫苗的接种剂量外，父亲的教育水平、来自穆斯林家庭、年龄别身高和女性性别是与脊髓灰质炎病毒血清阴性相关的社会经济风险因素。
本研究确定的血清阳性率和风险因素与脊髓灰质炎的流行病学情况一致，研究结果有助于优化北方邦西部的疫苗接种策略，包括口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗类型的选择、补充免疫活动的频率以及改善常规免疫服务的紧迫性。
